송대의 기자와 기자조선 인식 연구

Abstract

This study examines the perception of Kija-Joseon (箕子朝鮮) during the Song dynasty. The theory of Kija-Joseon was utilized during the Sui and Tang dynasties as a justification for the conquest of Goguryeo, based on the notion that Goguryeo was the territory once granted to Kija. However, by the Song period, Kija-Joseon came to be regarded as the predecessor state of Goryeo and was appropriated to legitimize diplomatic rhetoric and the civilizational superiority of the Song dynasty. This study analyzes references to Kija-Joseon found in Song dynasty texts, including official histories such as the Songshi (宋史), Zizhi Tongjian (資治通鑑), and Tongzhi (通 志), as well as encyclopedic works such as Cefu Yuangui (册府元龜) and Taiping Yulan (太平御覽), alongside Confucian classics commentaries and personal collected writings. The official publications of the Northern Song dynasty inherited the perceptions from the Tang period and systematized the Kija Joseon theory as orthodox history. On the other hand, the geographical text Taiping Huanyu Ji (太平寰宇記) contains detailed records about the Tomb of Kija (箕子塚) located in Mengxian, Henan, which contrasts with the established historical narrative. In privately compiled texts from the same period, Kija was primarily portrayed as a Confucian sage, and descriptions of Kija Joseon appear in a relatively limited manner. By the Southern Song period, however, even privately compiled texts more clearly presented Kija Joseon within a historical succession linking Kija Joseon, Goguryeo, and Goryeo. In particular, reflecting the reality that the Henan region had become territory of the Jin dynasty, references to the Tomb of Kija decreased, while there was a growing tendency to identify Kija’s fiefdom, the ‘Ji’ (箕) region, with Yangyi County, Taiyuan, Shanxi province. Thus, perceptions of Kija-Joseon during the Song dynasty exhibited various aspects depending on the historical context and nature of the texts. Nevertheless, the predominant view regarded Kija-Joseon as the origin of Goryeo. This perception likely had a certain influence on Goryeo’s historical consciousness through cultural exchanges and diplomatic relations between Goryeo and the Song dynasty.