日本語と韓国語の2人称代名詞 - 「あなた・きみ・おまえ」の使い分けと韓国語対応のあり方 -
The Second Person Personal Pronouns in Japanese and Korean - The Uses of Anata, Kimi, Omae and Those of Korean Counterparts -
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日本語の2人称代名詞「あなた・きみ・おまえ」は韓国語の「당신・자네・너」に代表されるが、実状の対応ではずれが示される。三つの中で最も頻用されるのは「あなた」であり、「당신」に比べ意味の幅が広い。「あなた」は妻が夫に、母親が子供に用い、家族外の関係では男女ともに用いられるが職場では外部人に用いられている。特に母親から子供に、教師から女生徒に、下位者から上位者に用いる場面では「당신」で対応し難く、韓国語では様々な表現で示されている。「きみ」は主として男性の表現で夫から妻に、父親から娘に、その他の下位者の男性や女性に用いられるものとして韓国語の「너」の対応が多い。「おまえ」も同輩や下位者に用いられるが夫婦、親子以外に男同士の友人関係で頻用されている。まれに兄弟関係でも用いられたりするが相手を叱責するような場面で多い。「おまえ」は韓国語の「너」に相當するが「너」は「おまえ」より使用範囲が広く、女性にも頻用されている。今後こうした日韓の2人称代名詞の相違性と場面による使い分けを日本語教育の場でも触れていくなら日本語学習者の2人称代名詞の円滑な運用に一助となると思う。
Abstract
The second person personal pronouns anata, kimi, omae in Japanese correspond to dangsin, jane, neo in Korean, but the correspondences are not exact in their actual usages. Among the three forms in Japanese, the most frequently used pronoun is anata, and its semantic breadth is larger than that of dangsin. Anata is typically used by a wife for her husband and by a mother for her children in the family context, whereas the pronoun is highly used by both males and females for workplace-external persons. Anata is not properly translated into dangsin especially when it is used by a mother for her children, by a teacher for female students, and by a subordinate person for superordinate persons; in these situations, anata is translated into various expressions in Korean. Kimi is primarily used by males, especially by a husband for his wife, by a father for his daughters, etc.. As in the case of kimi, omae is also used for fellows or subordinate persons, but it is particularly used in the context of male friendship, in addition to its use in the married relationship and in the parent-child relationship. Omae is sometimes used among siblings, normally in the context where one scolds another.
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