데칼로그 협상과 독일문제: 동북아 다자안보협력에 주는 함의
The Decalogue Negotiations and the German Question: Implications for Multilateral Security Cooperation in Northeast Asia
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이 연구는 1972년부터 1975년까지 진행되었던 헬싱키 최종의정서(Helsinki Final Act)의 협상과정 중에서 국제관계를 규정하는 10개의 원칙(Decalogue)을 독일문제와 관련하여 분석하였다. 소위 헬싱키 프로세스(Helsinki Process)라 불리어지는 이 과정은 유럽에서 냉전을 종식시키는 데 중요한 작용을 한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 특히 유럽분단의 원인이 되었던 독일문제(German Question)는 헬싱키 최종의정서 협상의 전 과정을 통해서 주요 이슈로 부각되었다. 독일은 CSCE 협상에서 동방정책(Ostpolitik)을 뛰어넘는 독일정책(Deutschlandpolitik)을 취함으로써 독일민족의 실리를 챙겼다는 교훈을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 바로 이러한 독일의 경험이 한반도에도 적용될 여지가 있다는 점을 주목하였다. 즉 독일문제는 바로 한반도문제와 등치될 수 있고, 북핵문제를 핵심이슈로 하는 한반도문제가 6자회담을 통하여 해결된다면 유럽에서 독일문제의 해결이 헬싱키 프로세스의 초기조건을 결정하였듯이 동북아에서도 유사한 평화 프로세스가 시작될 수 있다는 점이다. 이러한 관점에서 헬싱키 최종의정서에서 채택된 데칼로그의 협상과정은 한반도문제에도 적지 않은 함의를 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
The objective of this article is to analyze the negotiation process(1972～1975) on the Decalogue with particular focus on the German Question. The Decalogue is the ten principles guiding relations between participating states, which is contained in the first Basket of the Helsinki Final Act. It is generally recognized that the so-called Helsinki Process had contributed to the collapse of the Cold War in Europe in the late 1980s. Of more significance is the fact that the Helsinki process was inherently related to the German Question. It is premised that the German Question is equivalent to the situation of the divided Korean peninsula, which may be called 'Korean Question'. This article shows that the German experience may be applied to the Korean peninsula. If the North Korean nuclear issue would be settled throughout the Six Party Talks, it is highly likely that a peace process for multilateral security cooperation will be initiated in Northeast Asia. In this situation, the German experiences in negotiating the Decalogue can be a source of precious lessons for resolving the Korean Question and initiating multilateral security cooperation in Northeast Asia.
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