원내 의석분포, 대통령의 권력, 그리고 국회법개정의 방향: 민주화 이후 국회를 중심으로
Impacts of the Partisan Distribution of Seats in the N.A. and the Presidential Influence on Reforming the N.A. Laws after Democratization
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정치제도는 정치행위자들을 규율하는 외생변수라는 측면에서 접근되기도 하지만, 정치적 역학관계를 반영하고 있는 내생변수로 접근되기도 한다. 여기서는 정치제도를 내생변수로 보는 입장에 서서 원내 의석분포와 대통령의 권력이 국회법개정의 방향에 미친 영향을 민주화 이후 국회법의 개정내용을 중심으로 고찰하고 있다. 여당의 힘이 강했던 14대와 17대 국회에서는 국회의 운영을 효율화해 국회운영이 지연되는 것을 막기 위한 제도적인 방안 중심의 제도변화가 이루어지는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그러나 야당의 힘이 강했던 13대, 15대, 16대 국회에서는 의회운영을 특정세력이 독점하지 못하도록 분권성과 국회의 대행정부 견제력 및 정보수집력을 강화하는 요소들이 대거 포함된 국회법개정이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다.
Abstract
Political institutions are approached both as exogenous variables that regulate political players, and endogenous variables that have exogenous origins such as power relations among political players. Standing on the latter perspective, this study aims to explore the effects of parliamentary seat distributions and influences of the president on reforming the National Assembly Law since the 13th N.A., the first after democratization, until now. In the 14th and 17th N.A. when the presidential parties get the parliamentary majority, the reforms mainly focused on how to make legislative process more effective. In the 13th, 15th and 16th N.A. when the presidential parties failed to get the parliamentary majority, the reforms focused on assuring share of parliamentary powers, and improving systems of oversight of the executive and systems of gathering information.
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