아시아 정치에서 중도주의 역할과 의미: 군부와 NLD 사이 중간세력 연구
The Role and Significance of Centrism in Asian Politics: Insights from Middle Forces Between the Tatmadaw and NLD
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이 논문은 미얀마에서 중도주의(中道主義)가 미약하게나마 싹을 틔운 1990년대부터 현재까지 제3지대에 속한 주요 인물의 면면과 그들의 주장을 살핀다. 이를 통해 2021년 쿠데타 이후 장기간 지속 중인 혼란을 넘어, 이후 다당제 정치의 가능성을 살펴본다. 전반부는 1988년 항쟁 이래 유일한 대안 세력으로 떠오른 민족민주동맹(NLD)의 역사 가운데 ‘반反군부’ ‘비타협’ 노선을 확정지은 3대 사건—1995년 새헌법을 위한 국가회의 보이콧, 2009년 쉐곤다잉 선언, 2020년 헌법개정 시도—을 중심으로, 이러한 당의 결정에 반대한 협상파의 계보를 추적한다. 동시에 국민의 절대적 지지를 얻은 아웅산수지가 군부는 물론 88세대와 대립을 강화한 배경을 찾는다. 2010년 총선에 참여한 ‘NDF(National Democratic Force)’, 시민단체 ‘미얀마 이그레스(Myanmar Egress)’와 2020년 총선에서의 꼬꼬지(Ko Ko Gyi), 뗏뗏까잉(Thet Thet Khine) 등의 사례를 통해 미얀마 중도 혹은 제3지대의 현재와 의미를 살펴본다.
Abstract
This study examines the key figures of the 'third space' and the arguments they presented from the 1990s, when centrism in Myanmar began to take weak but noticeable roots, to the present day. Through this analysis, the paper seeks to gauge the potential for multi-party parliamentary politics after the long-standing chaos following the 2021 coup. The first part focuses on three major events in the history of the National League for Democracy(NLD), which emerged as the sole alternative force since the 1988 uprising and solidified its 'anti-military' and 'non-compromising' stance: boycott of the National Convention for a new constitution in 1995, Shwegondaing Declaration in 2009, and the attempt to amend the constitution in 2020. By examining the negotiators who opposed these decisions of the NLD, the study explores the figures and ideas of Myanmar's centrist factions. Additionally, it investigates the reasons why Aung San Suu Kyi, who gained overwhelming public support, intensified her confrontation not only with the military but also with the '88 Generation. The paper looks into the cases of the National Democratic Force (NDF), which participated in the 2010 general election, and the civil organization 'Myanmar Egress.' It also examines contemporary centrist figures like Ko Ko Gyi and Thet Thet Khine in the 2020 general election to uncover the current state and implications of Myanmar's centrist forces.
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