영국 산업사회의 영아살해 논의와 매장클럽의 문제 -19세기 중반 채드윅 보고서와 존 클레이의 논의를 중심으로-
Infanticide and Burial Clubs in 19th-century Britain -with particular reference to Chadwick’s Report and John Clay’s writings during the Mid-19th Century-
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 19세기 중반 영국의 영아살해 논의와 매장협회 문제를 다룬다. 구성상 ‘영아살해(infanticide)’의 사전적, 법적, 의학적 의미를 살펴보고, 그간 역사학계에서 이를 어떻게 사용해 왔는지 그 주요 사례에 대해 설명한다. 이를 바탕으로 먼저, 19세기 초반 영아살해라는 용어가 본격적으로 사용되기 시작하면서 그와 함께 관련 담론과 문제의식이 형성되는 맥락을 역사적으로 조명하고, 이후 19세기 중반까지 영아살해 논의가 정점에 다다르는 과정에 초점을 맞춘다. 특히 이 시기에 ‘영아살해’가 주로 사생아 문제와 직결되는 형태로 다루어지다가, 1840년대를 기점으로 매장협회 관련 사건사고들이 알려지면서 매장협회와 아동살해의 연관성을 논의하는 담론이 등장하는 과정, 그리고 이것이 다양한 매체를 통해 전달되며 재생산되는 현상을 상세히 알아본다. 매장협회의 문제는 기존의 사생아 중심, 그리고 1세 미만의 영유아 사망에 초점을 맞추어온 영아살해의 담론이 좀 더 넒은 의미의 아동살해의 문제로 확대되는 데에 기능했으며, 결과적으로 ‘영아살해’라는 단어를 일상화하고 그 문제의 외연을 확충하는 결과를 가져왔다. 이 과정을 설명하기 위하여 본고에서는 특히 이 시기 매장클럽 관련 논의의 장을 제공한 대표적 자료인 채드윅의 보고서와 존 클레이의 저술 및 활동 내용을 상세히 분석하고, 이들이 매장클럽 문제를 어떤 방식으로 설명하였는지, 또 영아살해 문제와 그 연관성을 어떻게 인식하였는지를 심도 깊게 논의한다.
Abstract
This paper investigates the discourse surrounding ‘infanticide’ in 19th-century Britain and the associated problem of ‘burial clubs.’ It traces the emergence of the term ‘infanticide’ and the formation of related discussions and concerns from the late 18th to the early 19th century. The study then focuses on the mid-19th century when discussions on infanticide reached their zenith. During this period, conversations on infanticide were predominantly intertwined with issues related to illegitimate children. Concurrently, discourse emerged regarding the association between burial clubs and child murder. The research explores the process by which this discourse was disseminated through various media and reproduced. It also investigates the actual nature, severity, and various cases related to child murder associated with burial clubs. Burial clubs significantly influenced the discourse on child murder, expanding it from a focus on illegitimate children and infants under one year of age to a broader context. This process effectively normalized the usage of the term ‘infanticide’ in everyday language and expanded the scope of the issue. Specifically, this study seeks to understand how legal professionals and social reformers of that era perceived and addressed this issue by examining Chadwick’s Report(1843) and the writings and activities of John Clay, who significantly contributed to discussions surrounding burial clubs.
참고문헌 (48)
- XIII, , 1835
- , 1837
- XVII.1, , 1844
- , 1843
- "of the Commissioners for Inquiring into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts" (1844), Clowes & sons
- XVIII.1, 299, , 1845
- "Report from the Select Committee on Friendly Societies Bill", H. M. Stationery Office, ~ (1854)
- "House of Commons. (10 May 1854). Debate on FRIENDLY SOCIETIES BILL, Hansard, vol. 133", 99~101 (1854)
- XXI.1, , 1866
- Clay, J., "Burial Clubs and Infanticide in England: A Letter to William Brown, Esq., M.P. For South Lancashire. Dobson", ~ (1853)
- Cook, E., "Burial Clubs and Child Murder", Eliza Cook’s Journal, 10, pp.289~346 (1853)
- Hardwick, Charles, "Infanticide in Victorian Preston – a rebuttal, by Charles Hardwick", Preston Chronicle. February 2, 1856, ~ (1856)
- Ryan, William Burke., "Child-Murder in Its Sanitary and Social Bearings", The Sanitary review and journal of public health, 4(14), pp.165~184 (1858)
- Ryan, William Burke, "Infanticide: Its Law, Prevalence, Prevention, and History" (1862), J. Churchill
- Hardwick, Charles, "History of the Borough of Preston and Its Environs, in the County of Lancashire" (1857), Worthing
- Greaves, George, "Observations on Some of the Causes of Infanticide", pp.2~24 (1862), Transactions of the Manchester Statistical Society
- Clay, J, "Infanticide", The Lancet, 10 (1863)
- "Report of the Committee of the Harveian Society on Infanticide", The Lancet, 12 (1867)
- Holdsworth, W. A., "The Friendly Societies Act, 1875: With Explanatory Introduction and Notes, an Appendix Containing the Clauses of Other Acts Affecting Friendly Societies, and an Index" (1875), Routledge and Sons
- Arnot, Margaret L, "Infanticide: Historical Perspectives on Child Murder and Concealment, 1550–2000", pp.149~167 (2002), Ashgate
- Arnot, Margaret L, "Everyday violence in Britain 1850-1950", pp.55~69 (2014), Routledge
- Berry, Laura, "Writing British Infanticide: Child-Murder, Gender, and Print, 1722-1859", pp.196~217 (2003), University of Delaware Press
- Cruickshank, Marjorie, "Children and Industry : Child Health and Welfare in North-West Textile Towns During the Nineteenth Century" (1981), Manchester University Press
- Havard, J. D. J, "The Detection of Secret Homicide: A Study of the Medico-legal System of Investigation of Sudden and Unexplained Deaths" (1960), Macmillan
- Jackson, Mark, "New-born child murder: Women, illegitimacy and the courts in eighteenth-century England" (1996), Manchester University Press
- Jackson, Mark, "Infanticide: Historical Perspectives on Child Murder and Concealment, 1550-2000" (2002), Ashgate
- Kilday, A. M., "A History of Infanticide in Britain, C. 1600 to the Present" (2013), Palgrave Macmillan
- Kilday, A. M, "Women and Violent Crime in Enlightenment Scotland" (2015), Royal Historical Society
- Peterson, R. A, "Writing British Infanticide: Child-Murder, Gender, and Print, 1722-1859" (2003), University of Delaware Press
- Rose, Lionel, "The Massacre of the Innocents: Infanticide in Britain, 1800-1939" (1986), Routledge & Kegan Paul
- Thorn, J., "Writing British Infanticide: Child-Murder, Gender, and Print, 1722-1859" (2003), University of Delaware Press
- Waddington, K., "An Introduction to the Social History of Medicine: Europe since 1500", Palgrave Macmillan
- Wohl, A. S., "Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain" (1984), Methuen
- Behlmer, G. K., "Deadly Motherhood : Infanticide and Medical Opinion in Mid-Victorian England", Journal Of The History Of Medicine And Allied Sciences, 34(4), pp.403~427 (1979)
- Davies, D. Seaborne, "Child-Killing in English Law", The Modern Law Review, 1, pp.217~218 (1937)
- Forbes, Thomas R., "Deadly parents: child homicide in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century England", Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, 41(2), pp.175~199 (1986)
- 김옥주, "한국의 서양의학사 연구 동향과 전망", 의사학, 19(1), pp.89~117 (2010), 대한의사학회
- Krueger, Christine L., "Literary Defenses and Medical Prosecutions: Representing Infanticide in Nineteenth-Century Britain", Victorian Studies, 40(2), pp.271~294 (1997)
- Hunt, Aeron, "Calculations and Concealments: Infanticide in Mid–Nineteenth Century Britain", Victorian Literature and Culture, 34(1), pp.71~94 (2006)
- 조용욱, "근대 英國의 法, 犯罪, 刑罰-社會史的 접근", 역사학보, (154), pp.205~239 (1997)
- Langer, William L., "Infanticide: A Historical Survey", The Journal of Psychohistory, 1(3), pp.353~365 (1974)
- Moerman, Lee, "Paupers, Burial Clubs and Funeral Insurance: Calculating Moral Panics", The British Accounting Review, 53(2), pp.1~14 (2021)
- O’Donovan, Katherine., "The Medicalisation of Infanticide", Criminal Law Review, 259, pp.259~264 (1984)
- 박찬영, "영국의 산업화와 육아 문제의 담론과 현실 - 19세기 전반기 중부 지역의 영유아 대상 마약제제 사용을 중심으로 -", 영국연구, (39), pp.29~61 (2018), 영국사학회[DOI]
- 박찬영, "영국 산업 도시의 유아 사망 및 아동 살해 문제-19세기 영국 의료인들의 논의를 중심으로-", 영국연구, (42), pp.151~192 (2019), 영국사학회[DOI]
- Sauer, R., "Infanticide and Abortion in Nineteenth-Century Britain", Population Studies, 32(1), pp.81~93 (1978)
- 송은영, "19세기 천사 이데올로기와 유아살해: 엘리엇의 아담 비드를 중심으로", 영어영문학연구, 41(1), pp.125~146 (2015), 대한영어영문학회[DOI]
- Ward, Tony., "The Sad Subject of Infanticide: Law, Medicine and Child Murder, 1860-1938", Social & Legal Studies, 8(2), pp.163~180 (1999)