산아제한을 위한 브래드로우-베산트 재판의 전략과 홍보
The Strategy and Publicity of Bradlaugh-Besant’s Trial for Birth Control
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이 글은 인구문제 담론의 틀 속에서 1877년 찰스 브래드로우-애니 베산트 재판의 배경, 전략, 성격을 고찰한다. 재판은 찰스 브래드로우와 애니 베산트가 산아제한의 내용을 담고 있는 『철학의 열매』를 출판한 혐의로 기소되면서 시작한다. 빅토리아 시대의 ‘센세이셔널한 재판’ 중 하나로 꼽힌 이 사건은 산아제한, 임신, 출산, 여성의 역할, 노동자의 삶 등에 관한 사회 인식과 그러한 통념을 깨뜨리는 것이 얼마나 버거운 것인가를 잘 보여준다. 두 사람이 위험을 감수하면서까지 자유사상출판사를 설립하고 『철학의 열매』를 계속해서 판매했던 것은 산아제한에 관한 편견과 부정적 인식을 바꾸기 위한 전략의 일환으로 볼 수 있다. 재판 중 베산트의 변론은 세간의 이목을 집중시켰고 이러한 관심은 생생한 언론 보도로 이어졌다. 이 과정에서 언론은 사적이고 내밀한 임신, 출산, 섹슈얼리티 등의 현안을 공론화하는 데 큰 역할을 했다. 빅토리아 시대의 성 정치에서 브래드로우와 베산트의 주장과 행보는 그것이 얼마나 급진적이고 주변부에 위치했는가를 선명히 보여준다. 이 재판은 출산 통제를 개인과 가족의 도덕적 영역을 넘어 성 평등 더 나아가 제국 차원으로 확장하려는 시도일 뿐 아니라 빅토리아 시대의 여성성에 대한 저항운동으로 읽을 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper examines the background, strategy and nature of the Charles Bradlaugh-Annie Besant trial in 1877 within the framework of the discourse on population issue. The trial began when Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant were charged with publishing Fruits of Philosophy which contained birth control. Considered one of the Victorian ‘sensational trials’, the case illustrates how difficult conventional perspective of birth control, pregnancy, childbirth, the role of women, the life of working class was to break. Above all, the fact that Bradlaugh and Besant continued to sell Fruit of Philosophy through the establishment of Freethought Publishing Company even at risk was part of the strategy to change prejudice and negative perceptions about birth control. Besant’s argument in Court during the trial drew public attention, and this interest led to vivid media coverage. In this process, the press played a major role in publicizing issues such as private and intimate pregnancy, childbirth, and sexuality. In Short, The Knowlton trial was an attempt to extend the issue of birth control beyond the moral realm of individual and family to gender equality and further to the imperial level, as well as a resistance movement to Victorian womanhood.
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