일본과 한국의 제조업에 있어서 기술진보와 기술적 효율성에 관한 분석
An Analysis of Technological Progress and Technical Efficiency of Japanese and Korean Manufacturing Sectors
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본 논문은 일본과 한국 제조업 부문에 있어서 일본은 1960년부터 1995년까지, 그리고 한국은 1970년부터 2000년까지의 자료를 가지고 트랜스로그 생산함수의 방법으로 총요소생산성(Total Factor Productivity)을 추정하였다. 추정된 TFP는 각각 일본이 3.8%, 한국은 0.5%로 알려졌다. 그리고 확률생산프론티어어프로치(stochastic production frontier approach)로 TFP 성장률은 기술진보(TP: Technical Progress)와 기술적 효율성(TE: Technical efficiency)으로 나누었다. 본 논문에서는 또한 요한슨 최우법이 사용되었는데, 다음과 같은 결론을 발견하였다. 즉, 일본의 경제성장은 기술진보에 의해서 이루어 진 반면, 한국은 주로 기술적 효율성에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리하여, 본 논문은 한국의 경우에는, 과거에 그래왔듯이 경제성장이 지속적으로 효율성에 의존할 것으로 예상하며, 또한 혁신, 즉 기술진보가 앞으로는 경제성장을 유도할 수 있는 역할을 할 것으로 기대한다. 반면, 일본의 경우에는 총요소생산성에 있어서 상대적으로 낮은 효율성의 역할은 향상된 경영기법과 노동의 유연성 등으로 극복할 수 있다고 제안한다.【핵심어】total factor productivity(총요소생산성), technological progress (기술진보), technical efficiency (기술적 효율성)
Abstract
This paper estimates the total factor productivities (TFP) of Japanese and Korean manufacturing sectors for the period of 1960-1995 (Japan) and 1970-2000 (Korea) using a translog production function technique. The estimated figures are 3.8% and 0.5%, respectively for Japan and Korea. Then, using the stochastic production frontier approach, TFP growth is decomposed into technological progress (TP) and changes in technical efficiency (TE). This paper also illustrates that an empirical study of the Johansen maximum likelihood method implies that the economic growth that Japan experienced was due to technological progress while Korea's TE was related to the long-run economic growth. Thus, in terms of implications for the economic policy, further Korean economic growth will continue to depend, largely, on catching-up, while technological progress or innovation will also play a key role in achieving continuous high economic growth. For Japan, however, the relatively low effect of TE growth on output could be improved by enhanced managerial practices and flexibility in the labor market.
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