총요소생산성의 추정을 통한 기술진보가 한국경제에 미치는 기여에 관한 연구
The Contribution of Technical Progress to the Korean Economy Estimated with Total Factor Productivity
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초록
본 논문에서는 기술진보가 한국경제의 생산에 얼마나 기여하였는가를 파악하기 위해 성장회계방정식을 기반으로 한국 경제의 총요소생산성을 추정하였다. 한국의 KLEMS자료에 포함된 72개 산업의 거시통합자료를 만들고, 72개 산업을 농업, 광업, 제조업, 공익산업(수도 전기 가스 수도 등) 및 서비스산업 등 5개 산업군으로 나누었다. 1970년-2012년 분석기간 동안 광업과 제조업 분야의 총요소생산성이 비교적 크게 나타났지만, 농업, 공익산업 및 서비스업에서는 총요소생산성이 매우 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 한국 제조업이 총요소생산성의 향상에 힘입어 국제경쟁력을 갖게 되었다는 사실과, 특히 서비스업시장의 자유화를 통해 한국 서비스산업의 기술진보를 유도할 필요가 있다는 사실을 의미한다. 서비스시장의 개방을 통한 생산성의 향상은 다양한 서비스를 중간재로 사용하는 제조업의 생산성 향상에도 기여하게 될 것이다.
Abstract
We aim to examine the contribution of technical progress to the Korean economy with estimated total factor productivity (TFP). We use growth accounting equation in connection with the Korean KLEMS database for 1970-2012. We focus on the 72 sectors as prescribed by EU KLEMS-March 2011 updated database. After being examined at aggregate level, they were classified into five subgroups such as agriculture, mining, manufacturing, utilities, and services. TFP was calculated for the aggregate level as a whole consisting of 72 sectors as well as for five subgroups. The estimated results show that the total factor productivity growth rates for agriculture, utilities and services sectors are insignificant compared to those of the mining and manufacturing sectors. This is due to the Korean government’s policy to prioritize the manufacturing sector to improve its global competitiveness, implying that Korea has already obtained a high productivity level and its scope for further productivity improvement is limited. Therefore, there is a need to liberalize the services sector, leading to the increase of the productivity of the manufacturing sectors which use liberalized services as inputs.
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