産業의 生産性成長, 技術效率, 環境成果
Productivity Growth, Technical Efficiency, and Environmental Performance
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 한국의 제조업을 대상으로 세 가지 형태의 기술효율, 생산성 성장지수와 그 변화요인을 계측해 봄으로써 한국 산업의 생산성 성장, 기술효율, 환경성과를 측정하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 오염물을 감소시키는 것이 긍정적인 생산활동의 중요한 한 측면으로 간주하고 비록 산출물이 증가하지 않는다 하더라도 오염물을 줄이는 생산업체에 높은 가치를 부여하거나 혹은 산출물을 증가시키고 동시에 오염물을 감소시킬 수 있는 기술효율과 생산성성장지수를 제시한다. 오염물배출은 제외하고 산출물 증가를 기준으로 한 M1 생산성성장지수와 오염물과 산출물의 모두 증가하는 기준의 M2, 오염물은 감소하고 산출물은 증가하는 방향의 M3의 생산성성장지수는 1995-1999년에 대하여 각각 연간 0.3% 감소와 1.0%, 0.8% 증가추세를 보임으로써 M2, M3생산성지수가 M1생산성지수 보다 1.3%, 1.1% 높게 나타났다. 이는 오염감소활동을 감안하지 않는 M1 생산성성장지수가 실제 생산성성장을 과소평가하고 있음을 시사한다. 생산성성장지수의 내부변화는 대부분 효율변화가 기술변화보다 높고 규모효율의 변화가 효율변화를 지지하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to measure productivity growth, technical efficiency, and environmental performance by identifying three-type technical efficiencies, productivity growth indices, and their inner components in Korean manufacturing. We consider a activity of pollution abatement is also one of the important aspects of positive production activities and suggest that technical efficiency and productivity growth credit a producer for reducing the production of the pollutants even without improving good outputs or simultaneously reducing the pollutants and increasing the outputs. We introduce three-type productivity growth indices, the index of productivity growth (the M1) for the direction of the desirable outputs ignoring the pollutants, the index (the M2) for increasing both the desirable outputs and pollutants, and the index of productivity growth (the M3) for simultaneous reducing the pollutants and increasing the desirable outputs. The M1, the M2, and the M3 were minus 0.3 percent, 1.0 percent, and 0.8 percent of annualized growth, respectively for 1995-1999. The M2 and the M3 grew higher 1.3 percent and 1.1 percent of annualized growth than the M1, implying that the M1 underestimates the actual productivity growth considering the activity of pollution abatement. The efficiency changes dominated the technical changes, and the scale changes supported the efficiency changes.
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