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한미 제조업의 생산효율성과 총요소생산성 비교분석

Production Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity in US and Korean Manufacturing Industries

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구에서는 한국과 미국 제조업의 확률적 변경생산함수를 이용하여 총요소 생산성을 추정하고, 이를 기술적효율성의 변화요인과 기술진보 요인 및 규모요인 등으로 분해한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 자료는 한국 제조업 상장기업 425개와 미국 제조업 상장기업 5643개의 20개년 간(1984-2003)의 불균형패널자료이다. 추정결과는 (1) 한국과 미국 제조업의 생산기술에는 기술적 비효율성이 유의적으로 존재하며 이 비효율성은 시간에 걸쳐 변화하고 있다. (2) 기술적효율성 변화가 총요소 생산성에 주는 효과는 미국에서보다 한국에서 더 크게 나타났다. 규모요인이 총요소생산성에 미치는 효과는 양국 모두에서 없거나 극히 작게 추정되었다. (3) 양국 모두에서 기술진보가 총요소생산성 증가에 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며, 미국보다는 한국의 기술진보율이 더 높다. (4) 기술진보율이 상대적으로 높은 (낮은) 업종에서는 기술적 효율성의 개선이 상대적으로 낮게 (높게) 나타났다. 이는 기술진보의 혜택은 새로운 생산기술을 개발하는 일부 기업만이 누리게 되고 나머지 기업들은 상대적으로 뒤처지고 있으며, 기술진보요인과 기술적효율성 개선요인은 서로 상이할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

This paper estimates total factor productivity (TFP) for Korean and U.S. manufacturing industries, by stochastic frontier production approach, to decompose the sources of TFP growth into technical efficiency change, scale component and technical change. The empirical results, based on unbalanced panel data from 1984-2003 with 425 Korean and 5643 U.S. manufacturing enlisted firms, are as follows. (1) The time-varying inefficiency significantly existed in Korean and US manufacturing production technology. (2) The effects of technical efficiency change on TFP growth are larger in Korea than US. And the effects of scale component are trivial in both country. (3) The technical progress is primary factor on TFP growth in both country. And the rate of technical progress is higher in Korea than US. (4) The industries with higher (lower) rate of technical progress experienced the lower (higher) rate of technical efficiency change.

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