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튀르키예의 NATO 내부 분열적 행동 연구: 현실주의적 제도주의 시각

Investigating Disruptive behavior of Türkiye in the NATO: A Realist Institutionalist Approach

유재광
동아시아국제정치학회 (The East Asian Association Of International Studies (Eaais))|2024.06|국제정치연구 (THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)|제27권 제2호|pp. 113-138|DOI https://doi.org/10.15235/jir.2024.6.27.2.113

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참고문헌

키워드

제도무임승차Institution다자군사동맹튀르키예NATO이슈 연계비토 파워Multilateral Military AllianceFree RidingTürkiyeIssue LinkageVeto Power
주제분류정치외교학

초록

러시아의 우크라이나 전면 침공으로 시작된 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁은 북대서양 조약기구 NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)의 공공재-즉, 유럽 평화-공급 기능의 중요성을 새삼스럽게 확인해 주고 있다. 이에 발맞춰 NATO는 스웨덴과 핀란드의 NATO 가입으로 상징되는 북유럽 확장을 시도하고 있다. 하지만 뜻하지 않게 나토의 북유럽 확장은 동맹 내부의 분열로 최근까지 위기를 맞았다. NATO의 핵심 회원국인 튀르키예가 확장을 반대하고 나선 것이다. 튀르키예의 NATO 공통 아젠다에 추진에 대한 반대는 2004년 NATO와 EU 간 안보 분야 전략적 협력 비토에서도 관찰된다. 두 제도의 협력이 NATO 핵심 회원국의 반대로 무산된 것이다. 본 논문은 왜 NATO의 견실한 파트너인 튀르키예가 NATO의 공공재 공급 행위에 지속적인 도전을 하고 있는지에 관한 질문에 답하고자 한다. 현실주의적 제도주의 분석 틀에 기반하여 본 논문은 다자동맹 내부에서의 무임승차 환경을 배경으로 이슈 연계 정치와 합의형 의사결정 시스템이 상호작용하여 약소동맹국이 동맹 전체의 이익이 아닌 자국의 지엽적이고 배타적인 이해관계를 추구토록 한다는 주장을 펼친다. 이러한 주장을 튀르키예의 2004년 NATO-EU 안보 분야 전략적 협력 저지와 2023년 스웨덴의 NATO 가입 거부권 행사 사례를 통해 경험적으로 입증한다.

Abstract

The Russo-Ukraine War initiated by Russia’s all-round invasion of Ukraine reminds us of the importance of NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) as a key provide of public goods-i.e., European peace in the world politics. To facilitate further cooperation between European countries, the NATO has attempted its northern enlargement in which both Sweden and Finland will be joining in the NATO. But the enlargement process itself has significantly been delayed due to internal division in which Türkiye adamantly opposes Sweden’s accession into the NATO. Türkiye also used to challenge the NATO’s pursuit of inter-organ security cooperation between the NATO and EU in the early 2000s. This paper tries to answer the question of why Türkiye, a key and loyal ally of the NATO, has played its veto power against the provision of public goods by the NATO. Grounded in theory of a realist institutionalism, the paper proposes an argument that the interplay between issue-linkage politics and consensual decision making procedure against the backdrop of an opportunity for free riding makes weak allies in multilateral alliances pursue their parochial and exclusive security interest To demonstrate this argument, the paper conducts a series of crucial case studies on Türkiye’s rejection of cooperation within the NATO framework in 2004 and in 2023 respectively. The paper concludes by offering a short summary and policy implications associated with maintaining the NATO’s unity.

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