EU 외교안보정책의 딜레마와 우크라이나 전쟁
Dilemmas of EU foreign and Security Policy and the Russia-Ukraine War
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문의 목적은 현재의 우크라이나 전쟁으로 이어지는 유럽의 지정학적 갈등을 유럽연합의 외교안보정책에 내재한 딜레마라는 관점에서 분석하는 것이다. 2000년대 이후 유럽에서 발생한 지정학적 갈등은 러시아의 수정주의적 도전을 한 축으로, 나토와 유럽연합을 다른 한 축으로 한 것이었다. 유럽연합은 출범 이후 외교안보와 군사방위 분야의 정책 발전을 통해 유럽의 주요 안보 행위자로 부상해 왔다. 그러나 이 과정은 동시에 러시아와의 지정학적 갈등을 촉발하는 과정이었다. 유럽적 가치와 규범의 확산을 목표로 2004년 출범시킨 유럽근린정책(ENP)이 갈등의 직접적인 도화선이었다면, 독자적인 안보방위정책의 발전이 낳은 나토와의 동조화(coupling)는 갈등을 구조화하는 요인이었다. 그리고 유럽연합 외교안보정책의 분절적 성격은 이러한 과정을 촉진하는 제도적 요인이 되었다. 유럽연합 외교안보정책의 딜레마는 유럽적 가치와 규범의 확산, 나토와의 동조화, 정책결정과정의 분절성 등 정책의 근본적 속성이 의도하지 않은 결과를 낳는다는 데 있다. 현재의 우크라이나 전쟁으로 이어지는 유럽의 지정학적 갈등은 이러한 관점에서 맥락에서 이해할 수 있다.
Abstract
The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in February 2022 was the result of the intensified geopolitical conflict in Europe since the beginning of new century, in which revisionist Russia posited on one side and the EU and NATO on the other. This paper explores why and how the EU’s Foreign and Security policy has contributed to the escalation of geopolitical conflict in Europe. Throughout 1990s and 2000s, the EU has evolved into one of Europe’s major security players by establishing various foreign and security policies. This process was, at the same time, the one that resulted in geopolitical showdown with Russia. The European Neighborhood Policy, established in 2004 with the aim of spreading European value and norm into the neighboring regions, was the trigger of this conflict. The EU-Russian conflict has escalated as the EU’s initiatives to build up its own defense capabilities ended up intensified coupling of EU and NATO, while the disaggregate nature of EU foreign and security policy provided institutional background for that escalation. Herein lies, I argue, the dilemmas of EU foreign and security policy that the very nature of it brings about unintended consequences of geopolitical conflicts that led to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war.
참고문헌 (39)
- 김명섭, "서유럽 집단안보체제의 기원: 대서양주의와 범유럽주의 간의갈등을 중심으로", 국제정치논총, 36(2), pp.43~72 (1996)[DOI]
- 배규성, "유럽과 러시아: 탈냉전기 새로운 안보관계의 모색에 대한 분석", 국제정치논총, 43(2), pp.453~478 (2003), 한국국제정치학회
- 온대원, "브렉시트와 EU의 공동안보방위정책(CSDP)", 유럽연구, 35(3), pp.55~104 (2017), 한국유럽학회[DOI]
- 이승근, "마스트리히트 조약과 유럽안보: WEU의 유럽전략을 중심으로", 사회과학논총, 23(1), pp.207~227 (2004)[DOI]
- 이승근, "유럽안보방위정책(ESDP)의 형성과 NATO의 대응", 유럽연구, 25(3), pp.1~26 (2007), 한국유럽학회[DOI]
- 이종광, "유럽연합의 공동외교안보정책 발전과 리스본조약에서의 안보전략 강화", 국제정치연구, 15(1), pp.183~207 (2012), 동아시아국제정치학회[DOI]
- Cadier, D., "The Geopoliticisation of the EU’s Eastern Partnership", Geopolitics, 24(1), pp.71~99 (2019)
- "The European Security Strategy" (2003)[URL]
- "European Neighborhood Policy Strategy P aper" (2004)[URL]
- "Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe – A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy" (2016)[URL]
- Delcour, L., "Dealing with the elephant in the room : the EU, its ‘Eastern neighbourhood’ and Russia", Contemporary Politics, 24(1), pp.14~29 (2018)
- Diez, T., "Europe's others and the return of geopolitics", Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 17(2), pp.319~335 (2004)
- Edwards, G., "The Construction of Ambiguity and the Limits of Attraction : Europe and its Neighbourhood Policy", European Integration, 30(1), pp.45~62 (2008)
- Forsberg, T., "From Ostpolitik to ‘frostpolitik’? Merkel, Putin and German foreign policy towards Russia", International Affairs, 92(1), pp.21~42 (2016)
- Freire, M. R., "Routledge Handbook of Russian Security", pp.277~287 (2019), Routledge
- Götz, E., "NATO and Euro-Atlantic Security after the Cold War", pp.481~500 (2019), Johns Hopkins University Press
- Haukkala, H., "Russian Reactions to the European Neighborhood Policy", Problems of Post-Communism, 55(5), pp.40~48 (2008)
- Howorth, J., "Strategic Autonomy and EU-NATO Cooperation : Threat or Opportunity for Transatlantic Defence Relations?", Journal of European Integration, 40(5), pp.523~537 (2018)
- Hyde-Price, A., "Normative power Europe : a realist critique", Journal of European Public Policy, 13(2), pp.217~234 (2006)
- Makarychev, A., "Normative and Civilisational Regionalisms : The EU, Russia and their Common Neighbourhoods", The International Spectator, 53(3), pp.1~19 (2018)
- Manners, I., "Normative power Europe : a contradiction in terms?", Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), pp.235~258 (2002)
- Mead, W. R., "The Return of Geopolitics : the Revenge of the Revisionist Powers", Foreign Affairs, 93(3), pp.69~79 (2014)
- Mearsheimer, J., "Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault", Foreign Afairs, 93(5), pp.77~89 (2014)
- Melville, A., "The Return of Geopolitics", pp.97~112 (2018), Lit
- Missiroli, A., "EU Enlargement and CFSP", ESDP, 2003, pp.25(1), 1~16
- Orenstein, M. A., "Trojan Horses in EU Foreign Policy", Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(1), pp.87~102 (2017)
- Pieper, M., "The End of Transatlanticism? EU Security and Defence Policies and the ‘Strategic Autonomy’ Debate from a Historical and Contemporary Perspective", Studies in European Affairs, 23(4), pp.23~44 (2019)[DOI]
- Pridham, G., "EU", Ukraine Relations and the Crisis with Russia, 2013-14 : A Turning Point, 2014, pp.49(4), 53~61
- Rieker, P., "Not so unique after all? Urgency and norms in EU foreign and security policy", Journal of European Integration, 44(4), pp.459~473 (2022)
- Seibel, W., "The European Union in Crisis", pp.269~293 (2017), Palgrave
- Shifrinson, J., "NATO Enlargement and US Foreign Policy: the Origins, Durability, and Impact of an Idea", International Politics, 57(3), pp.342~370 (2020)
- Siddi, M., "The partnership that failed : EU-Russia relations and the war in Ukraine", Journal of European Integration, 44(6), pp.893~898 (2022)
- Smith, M. E., "A liberal grand strategy in a realist world? Power, purpose and the EU’s changing global role", Journal of European Public Policy, 18(2), pp.144~163 (2011)
- Smith, M. E., "Transatlantic Security Relations since the European Security Strategy: What Role for the EU in Its Pursuit of Strategic Autonomy?", Journal of European Integration, 40(5), pp.605~620 (2018)
- Schumacher, T., "The Revised European Neighbourhood Policy: Continuity and Change in EU Foreign Policy", pp.1~33 (2017), Palgrave Macmillan
- Thomas, D. C., "The Return of Intergovernmentalism? De-Europeanisation and EU Foreign Policy Decision-making", Journal of European Integration, 43(5), pp.619~635 (2021)[DOI]
- Waltz, K. N., "NATO Expansion : A Realist’s View", Contemporary Security Policy, 21(2), pp.23~38 (2000)
- Wright, N., "No Longer the Elephant Outside the Room : Why the Ukraine Crisis Reflects a Deeper Shift Towards German Leadership of European Foreign Policy", German Politics, 27(4), pp.479~497 (2018)
- Youngs, R., "Europe’s Eastern Crisis: The Geopolitics of Asymmetry" (2017), Cambridge University Press