핀란드와 스웨덴의 나토 가입과 안보 레짐의 재편
Finland and Sweden’s Join to NATO and Reorganization of the Security Regime
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푸틴의 우크라이나 침공 요인 중 하나는 NATO의 확산을 저지하는 것이었지만 이 침략은 분명히 국제법 위반으로 NATO의 단결과 확대를 유발하면서 역설적 결과로 나타났다. 그 결과 NATO의 동진 확대는 가시화됐으며 인도·태평양 국가들과의 군사협력도 확대되면서 ‘NATO의 세계화’가 이루어지고 있다. 러시아와 중국의 팽창주의에 맞서 NATO의 중요성이 부각되면서 오랜 기간 역사적으로 중립국을 유지해왔던 핀란드와 스웨덴이 5월에 NATO 가입을 신청하면서 본격적으로 신냉전 시대의 출현이 가시화하고 있다. 이변이 없는 한 핀란드와 스웨덴의 NATO 가입은 올해 말 혹은 내년 상반기까지 이루어질 것으로 예견된다. 핀란드와 스웨덴의 NATO 가입으로 NATO는 발트해와 북극에서 상당한 우위를 점하면서 새로운 안보 레짐의 재편이 이루어지고 있다. 우크라이나 전장에서 나타난 약화 된 군사력에도 불구하고 러시아는 여전히 강력한 핵 자산뿐만 아니라 게임체인저가 될 가공할 절대무기를 보유하고 있다. 향후 NATO는 러시아와 중국의 팽창주의를 억제하는 데 초점을 맞출 것이다. 우크라이나 전쟁 종료 후에도 전쟁 재발도 배제할 수 없다. 서방의 러시아 제재와 러시아와 NATO 간 긴장 고조는 계속 이어질 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
One of the reasons for Putin’s invasion of Ukraine was to contain the spread of NATO. This invasion had a paradoxical result, apparently causing NATO unity and expansion in violation of international law. As a result, NATO’s eastward expansion has become visible, and military cooperation with Indo-Pacific countries has also expanded, leading to ‘NATO’s globalization’. As the importance of NATO in the face of Russia and China’s expansionism has been highlighted, Finland and Sweden, which have historically maintained neutral countries for a long time, applied for NATO membership in May, making the emergence of a new Cold War era visible in earnest. Unless there is a change, it is expected that Finland and Sweden will join NATO by the end of this year or the first half of next year. Finland and Sweden’s accession to NATO has given NATO a significant edge in the Baltic and Arctic, and a new security regime is being restructured. Despite the weakening military power that has emerged on the Ukrainian battlefield, Russia still possesses a formidable arsenal that will be a game-changer as well as a powerful nuclear asset. Going forward, NATO will focus on curbing Russian and Chinese expansionism. Even after the end of the war in Ukraine, a recurrence of the war cannot be ruled out. Western sanctions against Russia and escalating tensions between Russia and NATO are expected to continue.
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