동북아 지역통합 제도기획 시론
Institutional Design for Regional Integration in Northeast Asia
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본 논문의 목적은 동북아시아에서 지역협력 및 지역통합의 연혁과 현황을 고찰하고 비교지역통합론적 관점에서 장차 동북아시아의 지역통합을 촉진·제도화시키기 위한 처방을 제시하는 것이다. 우선 지역통합을 설명하는 기존 문헌의 이론적 검토를 통해 신기능주의(neofunctionalism), 신현실주의(neorealism), 정부간관계주의(liberal intergovernmentalism), 구성주의(constructivism) 등의 장단점을 지적한다. 그리고 지금까지 동아시아에서 지역협력의 역사적 발전과정과 현재 동북아시아에서 진행 중인 대표적인 프로젝트들을 살펴본다. 논문의 본론에서는 신기능주의적인 관점에서 유럽사례의 교훈을 도출해 내고 이를 동북아시아에의 적용가능성이라는 관점에서 하나하나 점검해 본다. 교훈 중 몇 가지 핵심적인 것은 지역통합의 과정이 각 국가를 변화시키는 변혁적(transformative) 성격을 가져야 한다는 점, 적절한 기능적 중심 분야를 선정해야 한다는 점, 지역적 정체성(regional identity)보다 공동의 이익이 지역통합의 더 강력한 추동력이 된다는 점, 회원국들 간 갈등해결 과정을 초국가적 기관의 역할을 확대·심화시키는 수단으로 활용해야 한다는 점, 리더십의 중요성, 지역통합이 본질적으로 내생적인 과정이라는 점, 그리고 지역협력·지역통합을 촉진하는 데 지역내외의 안보가 극히 중요하다는 점 등이다. 이러한 교훈들을 바탕으로 결론 부분에서는 장차 동북아시아 지역통합 제도 기획·설계와 관련된 정책적 처방을 제안하고 있다.
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to reflect on the experience of European integration in the light of the ongoing process of regional integration in Northeast Asia. I first review the existing theories of European integration, most notably neofunctionalism, neorealism, liberal intergovernmentalism, and constructivism to discuss and compare their strengths and weaknesses. Next I review the past history and some of the current projects of Northeast Asian regional integration. Then I examine the twelve “lessons” of European integration and probe their applicability to the Northeast Asian region. These lessons include, for example, the importance of a functional area, shared interests (not an identity), leadership, a supranational secretariat, and hospitable external (security) circumstances. In conclusion, I submit a set of practical policy prescriptions for promoting and institutionalizing regional integration in Northeast Asia.
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