세계화 시대 사회정책의 변화
Social Policy Change in an era of Globalization
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세계화가 개별 국가의 정책결정 과정에서 심각한 위협으로 작용한 것은 사실이지만, 개별 국가의 정책에 미치는 영향은 국가별로 상당히 다르다. 세계화가 진행됨에 따라 각국의 경제사회정책은 영미식의 신자유주의 모델을 향하여 발전해 갈 것이라는 수렴가설(converging hypothesis)과는 반대로, 생산체제를 형성하는 데 영향을 미치는 경제정책 -거시경제정책, 산업정책, 금융정책, 노동시장정책, 인적자원개발정책-과 복지체제를 형성하는 데 영향을 미치는 사회복지정책의 재편방향은 국가별로 서로 다르다. 이 논문에서는, 사회정책에 초점을 두고, 각 국가들이 세계화라는 공통의 외압에 직면하여 서로 다른 대응전략을 선택하는 이유가 무엇인지를 밝혀보고자 한다. 이 논문에서는 세계화가 사회정책에 미치는 영향이 국가별로 서로 다른 것은 각 국가들이 발전시켜 온 복지체제제의 경로의존성(path dependance), 생산체제와 복지체제의 제도적 보완성(institutional complementarities), 국내 정치제도적 환경(domestic political institutions)의 차이에 따른 것임을 주장한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop and assess an alternative perspective of how globalization has shaped contemporary welfare state changes. The impacts of globlaization on policy measures are quite different across nations. As a result, we are not likely to see substantial convergence around a business-friendly social policy. This paper seeks to answer the question why the actual domestic policy impacts of globalization are variable across nations. It is my contention that globalization has actually had quite uneven impacts on social policy across democratic nations: the direction and magnitude of these effects are a function of the path dependance of welfare regime and institutional complementarities between production regime and welfare regime, as well as national political institutions.
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