신국제질서를 추구하는 중국식 현실주의에 대한 비판적 고찰: ‘도덕적 현실주의(Moral Realism)’를 중심으로
A Critical Approach to Chinese Realism on New International Order: with Reference to ‘Moral Realism’
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초록
본 연구는 강대국화를 본격 추진하기 시작한 시진핑 정부가 중국의 역사와 문화에 기반한 ‘도덕성’을 강조하면서 장기적으로 미국과의 세력전이를 실현하고, 중국식 신국제질서를 구축해 나아가려 한다고 판단한다. 그리고 이러한 관점에서 글로벌 국제관계이론(Global IRT) 구축 분야에서 비서구의 담론과 이론으로 주목받은 ‘도덕적 현실주의(道義現實主義)’가 과연 중국학계의 주장대로 중국 부상과정의 평화와 안정을 보장할 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 분석결과, 본 연구는 도덕적 현실주의의 도덕이 사실상 ‘무력’과 ‘권력’에 기반한 도덕이며, 가치규범적으로 비도덕적임을 발견하였다. 아울러 본 연구는 도덕적 현실주의의 관점에서 보았을 때 중국의 백신외교가 성공하지 못했음을 지적하였다. 도덕을 수단화한 전략적 행태가 국제사회의 마음을 사기에 한계가 있음과 함께, 도덕적 현실주의적 행태가 오히려 중국과 국제사회와의 긴장과 갈등을 초래하는 요인이 될 수 있다고 주장한다.
Abstract
This study posits that China has been trying to realize a power transition with the United States and to establish a new Chinese-style world order, emphasizing its "morality” based on history and culture. In order to examine whether moral realism guarantees peace and stability in the process of China's rise, as claimed by Chinese academia. This study analyzes theory and practice of Moral Realism, which has drown attention as a non-Western discourses and theory in the field of Global IRT. This study found that the morality of moral realism in fact based on ‘force' and ‘power,' and was immoral in terms of value and norms. This study also pointed out that China's vaccine diplomacy was not successful, from the view of moral realism. It is argued that strategic behavior using morality as a means has limits in winning the hearts of others, and moral realist behavior could rather be a factor that causes tension and conflict between China and the international community.
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