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‘중국 특색 국제정치이론’ 논의의 출현과 향후 전망

The Rise and Future Prospect of ‘International Relations Theories with Chinese Characteristics’

함명식
국가안보전략연구원 (Institute for National Security Strategy)|2019.06|국가안보와 전략 (National Security and Strategy)|제19권 제2호|pp. 77-114|DOI 10.23111/nsas.2019.19.2.003

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키워드

중국China일대일로천하관Belt and Road Initiative중국 특색 국제정치이론서구 국제정치이론International Relations Theories with Chinese CharacteristicsWestern International Relations TheoriesAll under Heaven
주제분류정치외교학

초록

현재 국제정치학계를 지배하고 있는 서구 국제정치이론의 주류는 중국의 부상을 현 국제질서에 도전하는 중대한 위협으로 간주하고 있다. 이와같은 서구의 견제를 극복하고 자국의 부상에 정당성을 부여하기 위해 중국은 ‘중국 특색의 국제정치이론’을 창출하려는 노력을 기울여왔다. 본 논문은 중국 국제정치학계와 일부 서구 학자들이 중국 특색의 국제정치이론에몰두하는 배경, 논의의 전개 과정, 이론적 특징을 살펴보고 이를 현재 진행중인 중국 외교정책에 대입해 중국 특색의 국제정치이론이 서구 국제정치이론으로부터 독립된 형태의 이론으로 발전할 수 있을지 여부를 조사했다. 연구 결과 중국 특색 국제정치이론 주창자들이 중국의 전통적 가치, 규범, 역사적 경험의 강조를 통해 서구 국제정치이론과 차별적인 이론의 수립이가능함을 주장하고 있음에도 불구하고 중국 정부의 외교 정책이 자국의 이익을 중시하는 기존 강대국 외교와 아무런 차이점이 없다는 점에서 독자적인 중국 특색 국제정치이론이 지향하는 ‘이상’과 현실 사이에 적지 않은 모순이 존재하고 있음을 발견했다.

Abstract

Contemporary dominant international relations theories consider the rise of China a threat to current international order. As a response, China has struggled to create new “international relations theories with Chinese characteristics”. The primary goal of the project is to reduce the China threat concern and to provide legitimacy to its emergence. This article attempts to explore why China needs China-centered international relations theories, how it has developed the theories, and what features they include. In addition, the paper investigates the feasibility of the theory by finding out a linkage between Chinese foreign policy in practice and its substantial implications for Chinese efforts to construct new theories. Findings are as follows: first, Chinese foreign policy has been more aggressive, showing that the prediction of realism is more likely; and second, Chinese theory-building process and foreign policy in practice are conflicting and it provides a hard task for Chinese academia to construct international relations theories with Chinese characteristics.

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