중국의 대(對) 약소국외교의 역사적 맥락에서 본 ‘일대일로’: 신국제질서를 추구하는 중국의 이상주의와 현실주의의 교합
The Belt and Road Initiative from the Historical Context of China’s Diplomacy Towards Weaker Nations: The Fusion of Idealism and Realism in China’s Pursuit of a New International Order
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본 연구는 2013년 출범한 중국의 ‘일대일로’를 서방 중심 주류질서에 대한 저항으로 간주하고 신국제질서 추구와 긴밀히 연관돼 온 중국의 대(對) 약소국외교의 장기역사적 맥락을 추적한다. 이를 위해 유교사상의 영향 하에서 중국 외교에 도덕, 권력, 인정을 중시하는 ‘도덕정치’가 줄곧 투영된다고 가정하고, 건국 초부터 일대일로 출범 이전까지의 중국의 對 약소국 외교를 주류질서에의 도전시기-순응시기-긴장시기로 나누어 분석한다. 그리하여 중국의 대(對) 약소국외교에 내재해온 이상주의와 현실주의의 교묘한 교합 및 시기별 변화를 해석하고, 도덕외교의 주요 사례로 등장한 ‘일대일로’를 바라보는 비판적 시각을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study considers China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched in 2013, as a resistance to the Western-centric mainstream order and traces the long-term historical context of China’s diplomacy towards weaker nations, which has been closely related to its pursuit of a new international order. Assuming that Confucian thought has consistently projected ‘moral politics’ emphasizing morality, power, and recognition onto Chinese diplomacy, the study analyzes China’s diplomacy towards weaker nations from the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to the period before the launch of the BRI, dividing it into periods of challenge, compliance, and tension with the mainstream order. This analysis interprets the intricate interplay and periodic changes between idealism and realism inherent in China’s diplomacy towards weaker nations and offers a critical perspective on the BRI, which has emerged as a key example of moral diplomacy.
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