옌쉐퉁의 도덕현실주의 국제관계이론: 포괄적인 검토
International Relations Theory of Yan Xuetong’s Moral Realism: A Comprehensive Look
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초록
칭화대 옌쉐퉁 교수가 정립한 국제관계론 도덕현실주의는 국제관계 혁신에 대한 중국 학자들의 업적을 대변한다. 이 이론은 도덕이 측정한 정치적 리더십을 설명변수로 삼아 지배적 권력의 지배적 지위를 대신하는 신진 권력의 이유와 논리를 분석하려는 것이다. 그러나, 이 이론에 대한 현존하는 문헌들은 단편화와 오해를 반영하여 옌쉐퉁의 작품에서 도덕 현실주의를 체계적으로 검토하는 데 실패한다. 따라서 본 연구는 국제관계에서 도덕현실주의를 종합적으로 검토하고, 문제가 있는 이해를 반박하고 바로잡으며, 이론적 발전을 위한 잠재적 응용을 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 도덕현실주의가 이론 패러다임으로서 신고전주의 현실주의보다 고전주의 현실주의에 부합하며, 중국의 대전략에 봉사하는 이념적 목적을 가진 이론이 아니라는 주장이다. 이 연구는 또한 개념 정의, 논리적 모순, 사례 분석의 편향에 대한 문제 때문에 이론이 성숙하지 못했다고 주장한다. 게다가, 옌쉐퉁의 도덕현실주의에 대한 고대 중국 사상의 영향과 제한된 연구 목적과 분야는 그것의 이론적 적용을 방해할 수 있다. 본 연구는 대외원조 연구에 덕현실주의를를 적용하는 것을 제안하며, 대외원조 분야가 덕현실주의에 부합하고, 도덕현실주의의 결핍을 일부 완화하며, 이론의 적용 범위를 확대한다고 주장한다.
Abstract
Established by Professor Yan Xuetong from Tsinghua University, the theory of moral realism in international relations theory represents the achievement of Chinese scholars in innovations in international relations. This theory aims to use political leadership measured by morality as an explanatory variable to analyze the reason and logic of the rising power replacing the dominant position of the dominant power. However, extant literature on the theory fails to systematically review moral realism in Yan’s work, reflecting fragmentation and misunderstanding. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively review moral realism in international relations, refute and correct problematic understandings, and explore potential applications for theoretical development. It argues that moral realism corresponds to classical realism more than neoclassical realism as a theoretical paradigm and that it is not a theory with ideological purposes serving China’s grand strategy. The study further argues that the theory has not matured owing to issues with concept definition, logical contradictions, and biases of case analysis. Moreover, the influence of ancient Chinese thought in Yan’s moral realism and the limited research object and field may impede its theoretical application. This study proposes applying moral realism to the study of foreign aid and holds that the field of foreign aid conforms to moral realism, alleviates some moral realism deficiencies, and expands the application scope of the theory.
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