한국 재벌의 중국 진출에 따른 글로벌 생산 네트워크의 전개: 삼성, LG, 현대자동차 사례를 중심으로
Korean Chaebols in China and the Developments of Global Production Network: Focusing on cases of Samsung, LG and Hyundai Motor
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초록
한국과 중국 각각의 경제가 어떻게 발전해갈 것인지와 한중 경제관계가 어떻게 전개될 것인지를 가늠해보기 위하여 글로벌 생산 네트워크(GPN) 이론에 기초를 두고 중국에 진출한 한국 재벌 사례를 분석하였다. 쑤저우 삼성반도체, 옌타이/칭다오 LG 휴대폰, 베이징 현대자동차에 대한 2006년과 2010년 두차례 방문조사와 문헌에 기초하여 분석한 결과 한국의 재벌들은 GPN의 중심인 함장기업(flagship)으로서 가치사슬을 지배하고 관리할 역량을 발휘하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이론에서 예상한 대로 한국의 재벌들은 중국에서 주로 생산활동에 주력하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 부품의 현지 조달과 연구개발 활동은 아직까지 부가가치 창출에 대한 기여도가 낮은 것으로 보이지만, 중국 당국의 요구도 반영하여 점차 가치 창출의 영역이 확장되고 있으며, 특히 생산 영역에서는 생산성이 빠르게 향상되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper analysed the cases of Korean Chaebol doing business in China in order to illuminate how Korean and Chinese economy will respectively develop and Korea and China’s economic relation will evolve, from the standpoint of global production network (GPN) theory. The cases include Suzhou Samsung Semiconductor, Yantai/Qingdao LG mobile phone, Bejing Hyundai motor. Based on two visits in 2006 and 2010, it is found that Korean Chaebols, flagship of GPN, have the managerial competency to govern and control all over the value chains. As predicted by the theory, the Korean Chaebols have appeared to concentrate on manufacturing activities in China, while experiencing negligible contributions to values added made by core parts procurement, R & D and marketing. But areas of value creation are gradually expanding, reflecting Chinese government’s demand. In particular, manufacturing activities are witnessing rapid productivity increases.
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