동반진출 공급업체의 공급사슬진화에 대한탐색적 사례연구
Exploratory Case Study of the Supply Chain Evolution of Joint Overseas Expansion Suppliers
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 완성차업체와 북경에 동반 진출한 공급업체들을 대상으로 공급사슬상·하류의 진화내용을 확인하고, 이러한 진화에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하며, 전략적 역할 변화를 살펴보는 것이다. 공급업체의 해외진출이 활성화되는 시점에 공급업체 입장에서 동반진출과 해외생산법인의 공급사슬진화를 규명하는 것은 실무, 이론적으로 의미 있는 연구라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 사례연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 공급업체들은 초기에 품질안정화를 목적으로 공급사슬 상류를 구성하였고, 이후 원가절감을 위해 부품 및 소재의 현지화 비율을 높이고 있다. 둘째, 공급사슬 하류에서는 대부분의 공급업체들이 여전히 동반 진출한 완성차업체와 전속 거래하지만 일부 업체는 점차 거래기업을 다변화하고 있다. 셋째, 공급사슬상·하류가 변함에 따라 업체별로 차이는 있지만 생산·구매·영업·연구개발과 같은 관련 부문 기능들이 활성화되고 초기의 동반진출 성격이 희석되어 궁극적으로 공급업체들의 전략적 역할이 변하고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the evolutionary process in the upstream and downstream supply chain of the suppliers, which have expanded with the automotive manufacturers into Beijing, China and to examine factors affecting the evolutionary process and how the strategic role has changed. Originally, suppliers have induced the second-tier suppliers for quality stabilization and thereafter increased the localization percentage of parts and materials by developing local second-tier suppliers for cost reduction. Upon the process above, three factors have lead to the changes in the upstream supply chain: first, internal capabilities of the suppliers that have accompanied manufacturers; second, support from the headquarters and the manufacturers; third, increasingly competitive environment in Chinese automotive market. Some suppliers have diversified their customer base through their local marketing capabilities built on their own or under the support of the headquarter, thereby was able to prepare against the potential risk from the manufacturer. On the other hand, suppliers lacking in experience of customer diversification, or highly depending their sales on the manufacturing company are in difficulty for customer diversification. Most suppliers have actively innovated on the manufacturing activities, however the degree of innovation effort for the marketing, purchasing or R&D activities varies in their functional diversification and activation in accordance with the suppliers. In addition, sometimes things happened that the original joint overseas expansion characteristic has been diluted over time. Some suppliers have appeared to aim at customer diversification or manufacturing cost reduction in related to entry purpose. As such, the strategic role of the suppliers has slowly changed along with the change of their local function and entry purpose.
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