세계화시대의 제삼세계 발전 : 필리핀 통신서비스시장의 자유화정책을 중심으로
The Third World Development at the Era of Globalization : A Case of the Philippine Telecommunications Service Market Liberalization
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본 연구는 세계화시대에 신자유주의적 시장자유화정책이 제삼세계의 발전에 어떠한 결과를 가져오는 가를 필리핀 통신서비스시장의 경우를 통해 조명해 보았다. 시장자유화는 경쟁적 투자활성화를 통해 산업의 양적 팽창을 가져오는 기능을 내포하고 있다. 그러나 시장자유화가 그 시장을 둘러싸고 정치경제적 상황에 관계없이 양적, 질적 발전을 모두 보장해 주지는 못한다. 특히 정책의 결정과 집행에 경제적 논리보다는 정치적 논리가 우선시 되는 많은 제삼세계국가에서는 더욱 그러하다. 독점적 시장상황에서 경쟁적 시장상황으로 전환하는 시장자유화의 경우에는 국가의 적극적인 간여가 일정기간 동안 요구된다. 자칫 자유화라는 이상적인 관념에 빠져 경쟁을 위한 환경조성 없이 국가의 역할을 단순히 감소시키는 것은 위험한 일이 아닐 수 없다. 국가, 자본, 시민사회로 구분되는 국내 정치행위자들 간의 불균형한 권력관계로 인해 경제발전의 형태가 왜곡되기 쉬운 많은 제삼세계 국가들의 경우 신자유주의적 경제정책으로의 전환에 있어서 국가의 시장에 대한 역할은 단순히 방치(hand-off)의 차원이 아닌 또 다른 의미에서의 적극적인 개입(engagement)으로 인식되어야 할 것이다.【핵심어】 필리핀, 통신서비스시장, 세계화, 신자유주의, 시장자유화, 제삼세계발전
Abstract
study sheds light on how neo-liberal economic policy affects the development of the Third World economies in the era of globalization. It analyzes the market liberalization of the Philippine telecommunications service industry as a case. As shown in the case, market liberalization resulted in expansion of industrial scale by attracting competitive investments to the very industry. Market liberalization, however, cannot guarantee quantitative and qualitative growth of the industry regardless of the political economic environment surrounding the market. It could be much real to the Third World economies where political logic supersedes economic logic in the process of economic policy formulation and implementation. Neo-liberal economic policy should not be blindly interpreted as reducing the role of the state in the market. It might create more problems than benefit if the state fail to create a proper competitive market environment. The study suggests that the role of the state in neo-liberal economic policy should be interpreted as an active engagement of another type rather than a simple hand-off, specifically for the Third World economies where exist high possibility to distort its economic policy due to unequal power relations among political players - state, capital, and civil society.【Key Words】 The Philippines, Telecommunications Service Market, Globalization, Neo-liberalism, Market Liberalization, The Third World Development
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- "A Case of the Philippine Telecommunications Service Market Liberalization"