韓日の近代文献に見られる「新語」と「外来語」の概念 ― 範囲と用語の分化過程について ―

Abstract

In Korea and Japan, an inevitable increase of ‘Loanword’ has taken place during the modernization process. At the beginning of enlightenment period, ‘Loanword’ was equated or confused with ‘New word’ or other terms. In this paper, the period from 1876 to 1946 was largely divided into four periods, and the changing aspect of the distinction between ‘New word’, ‘Loanword’ and other terms in both Korean and Japanese languages was discussed. In Japan, ‘New word’ was called as ‘Hakurai-go(Foreign word)’, ‘Modan-go(Mordern word)’, ‘Shakai-go(Social word)’ or ‘Sentan-go(Leading edge word)’ and was used as terminology that embraces the whole set of new words that was socially prevalent. In addition, the conceptual scope of ‘Loanword’ was narrower than that of the present. Instead the term was used in a sense closer to ‘foreign word’ or was used to refer only to words suggesting itself to be a foreign language based. Even when the words were written in Katakana, some scholars categorized those words not only into ‘Loan word’ but also into different categories of vocabulary groups such as ‘scientific terms or ‘new era word’, but it was confirmed that gradually, ‘Loan word’ studies were conducted only on those marked as Katakana. Meanwhile, in modern Korean literature (newspaper or miscellaneous records), terminologies have appeared in the order of ‘Shin-eo(New word)’> ‘Sul-eo’> ‘Sahoe-eo’> ‘Shinsul-eo’‘Shinsuk-eo’> ‘Loanword’> ‘Modern word’> ‘Shinmun-eo’>‘Cheomdan-eo’>‘Hyeondae-eo’. At the beginning of the enlightenment period, the perception of ‘New word≒Loanword･foreign word’ was strong, but it was confirmed that the perception has gradually changed to treating ‘Loanword’ as sub-concept of ‘New word’. As ‘Loanword’ settled as vocabulary in Korean language and ‘A dictionary of Loanword’ written in Hanguel was being compiled, the concept of ‘Loanword’ seems to have been established.