자유당 정부의 출범과 캐나다 아동급여제도의 재편성
The Reorganization of Child Benefits Under the New Liberal Government in Canada
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이 글은 2015년 10월 캐나다 연방의회 선거에서 자유당을 승리로 이끄는 데 중요한 역할을 한 아동급여 개편안을 소개하고 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우선, 이 글은 캐나다의 주요 정당인 보수당과 자유당 및 NDP의 보육정책 공약들을 비교하고, 캐나다 아동급여의 역사와 현황을 서술한다. 이어서 이 글은 CCB(Canada Child Benefit)로 명명된 새로운 아동급여에 대해 소개한 다음, CCB의 장점과 문제점을 분석한다. CCB는 이전제도에 비해 더 많은 비과세소득을 제공함으로써 아동빈곤율을 떨어뜨리는 효과가 크고 조세구조와 사회보장제도의 누진성을 강화함으로써 캐나다사회의 소득불평등을 완화시키는 데 기여한다. 이에 반해서, CCB는 물가연동제를 채택하지 않음으로써 시간이 지날수록 급여의 실질가치가 하락하고, 소득보장에만 초점을 맞춤으로써 보육서비스 욕구를 적절하게 충족시키지 못하며, 재정지출의 증가를 가져온다는 문제를 지닌다. 이러한 문제들에도 불구하고, CBB사례는 한국사회의 빈곤율을 떨어뜨리기 위한 방안 중 하나로 고려될 수 있다.
Abstract
This article aims to introduce and evaluate the plan for reorganizing the child benefit system, which is considered as one of the main reasons for the victory of Liberal Party of Canada in the general election of October 2015. This article compares child care policies of Conservative Party, Liberal Party and New Democratic Party, and then summarizes the history of child benefits beginning with the universalistic family allowance introduced in 1945. The main part of this article follows, focusing on the introduction of the newly instituted child benefit named, CCB (Canada Child Benefit). Finally, this article attempts to analyze the pros and cons of CCB. The CCB has a positive effect of reducing child poverty with the provision of non-taxable income, and contributes to alleviating income inequality by making the child benefit system more progressive. On the other hand, CBB, by not adopting price indexation, reduces the real value of the benefit as time goes on, does not properly satisfy the need for child care because of its total focus on the provision of cash benefit, and increases public spending on child care. Nevertheless, the CBB case should be seriously debated in the Korean social policy field as an effective anti-poverty policy.
참고문헌 (27)
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