한국어 일상 대화 속 영어 외래어 사용 양상: 2023 국립국어원 말뭉치 기반 정착도·의미·빈도 분석
English Loanwords in Korean Everyday Conversation: Nativization, Semantic Usage, and Frequency in the 2023 NIKL Corpus
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This study investigates how 455 English-based loanwords manifest in Korean by analyzing their degree of nativization, semantic and morphological patterns, and frequency of use. Using data from the 2023 NIKL Korean Dialogue Corpus, it focuses on everyday conversations across four domains: Economy, Social Issues, Broadcasting, and Employment/Career. The results of the analysis show that loanwords were most diverse and frequent in Broadcasting and Social Issues. The top ten high-frequency loanwords include (1st) 드라마(drama), (2nd) 프로그램(program), (3rd) 카드(card), (4th) 에스엔에스(SNS), (5th) 티브이(TV), (6th) 유튜브(YouTube), (7th) 프리랜서(freelancer), (8th) 재테크(財tech), (9th) 에이아이(AI), and (10th) 쇼츠(shorts)/인스타그램(Instagram)/트로트(trot). From the perspective of borrowing motivation, this study examined necessary and redundant loanwords. Semantically they display extension, narrowing, elevation, or degradation of meaning, and morphologically they appear as simple forms, hybrids, or abbreviations. In terms of nativization, registered loanwords are used more frequently than unregistered ones (roughly 60% vs 40%), demonstrating a multi-layered and rapid absorption of loanwords into Korean. These findings reveal the evolving landscape of English-based loanword usage and provide a basis for anticipating future trends and informing Korean language education.
Abstract
This study investigates how 455 English-based loanwords manifest in Korean by analyzing their degree of nativization, semantic and morphological patterns, and frequency of use. Using data from the 2023 NIKL Korean Dialogue Corpus, it focuses on everyday conversations across four domains: Economy, Social Issues, Broadcasting, and Employment/Career. The results of the analysis show that loanwords were most diverse and frequent in Broadcasting and Social Issues. The top ten high-frequency loanwords include (1st) 드라마(drama), (2nd) 프로그램(program), (3rd) 카드(card), (4th) 에스엔에스(SNS), (5th) 티브이(TV), (6th) 유튜브(YouTube), (7th) 프리랜서(freelancer), (8th) 재테크(財tech), (9th) 에이아이(AI), and (10th) 쇼츠(shorts)/인스타그램(Instagram)/트로트(trot). From the perspective of borrowing motivation, this study examined necessary and redundant loanwords. Semantically they display extension, narrowing, elevation, or degradation of meaning, and morphologically they appear as simple forms, hybrids, or abbreviations. In terms of nativization, registered loanwords are used more frequently than unregistered ones (roughly 60% vs 40%), demonstrating a multi-layered and rapid absorption of loanwords into Korean. These findings reveal the evolving landscape of English-based loanword usage and provide a basis for anticipating future trends and informing Korean language education.