미∙중 군사전략의 변화와 한국군의 대응방안 - A2/AD전략과 JOAC 영향을 중심으로 -
The Change of American and Chinese Military Strategies and the Korean Response
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21세기 들어서 급증하는 초국가적 위협을 포함하여 자국의 안정과 발전에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 미국을 ‘잠재적’ 위협에서 ‘실질적’ 위협으로 인식하기 시작한 중국은 아시아에서 미국의 영향력을 약화시키는데 초점을 맞추어 반접근 및 지역거부(A2/AD: Anti-Access/Area Deneal) 전략을 추구하고 있다. 이 전략의 일환으로 중국은 해·공군력을 중심으로 정밀타격능력, 원거리 투사능력, 우주 및 사이버능력 등 군사력을 강화하고 있으며 해외 군사기지 건설을 통해 주변국들과 적극적인 군사협력을 추진하고 있다. 이러한 중국의 부상에 대해 미국은 아시아에서 지배적 지위를 유지하기 위해 도전세력의 등장을 저지하려고 한다. 이것의 일환으로 미국은 아시아 재균형 정책을 선언하였고, A2/AD전략에 대응하기 위해 공해(空海)전투 개념을 포함하는 합동작전접근개념(JOAC: Joint Operational Access Concept)을 채택하여 추진하고 있다. 양국의 군사전략 변화는 이어도 해양경계 획정, 주한미군 감축, 한반도 유사시 미 증원군 지연과 관련하여 한반도 안보에 도전적인 요인으로 작용할 것이다. 한국은 전략적인 차원에서 이러한 안보환경 변화에 대비한 자체적인 노력의 일환으로 제주도 합동부대 창설, 미 증원전력 감소에 대비한 작전수행개념 혁신, 그리고 미 증원전력 전개보장을 위한 대응개념 발전이 요구된다. 아시아와 한반도 주변을 둘러싼 도전적인 안보환경에 대비하여 한국은 전략적인 차원에서 미·중 군사전략에 대한 대응책을 모색하여 국익을 극대화하고 미래 한국의 안보와 통일에 기여해야 하겠다.
Abstract
Entering the 21st century, China recognized the U.S. as a real threat from a potential one. China is promoting A2/AD strategy which focuses on weakening the American influences in the Asian regions. As a part of this strategy, China is strengthening the military power such as precision strike, long distance projection, space and cyber capabilities, and aggressively implementing military cooperation with neighboring countries through construction of overseas military bases. In response to the Chinese movement, the U.S. tries to block the emergence of challenging power in order to maintain its overwhelming status in Asia. The U.S. declared the rebalance policy toward Asia and adopted JOAC(Joint Operational Access Concept) against the A2/AD strategy. JOAC includes Air-Sea battle based on the navy and air force. The military strategies of the two nations will act as a challenging factor for the security of Korean Peninsula in regard to the delimitation of maritime boundaries, the reduction of the U.S. Armed Forces in Korea, and the delay of augmentation forces of the U.S. in case of emergency in the Peninsula. Under this situation, to deal with the changes of the security environment, Korea needs to create joint forces in Jeju, innovate the concept of the conduct of operations in preparation of the decrease in the reinforcements of the U.S., and improve the concept of response to secure the deployment of U.S. reinforcements. With the challenging security environment surrounding the Korean Peninsula, Korea has to come up with measures regarding the American and Chinese military strategies, maximize national interests and contribute to the unification of Korea.
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