리스본조약과 공동통상정책: EU의 권한 변화를 중심으로
The Lisbon Treaty and Common Commercial Policy : Focused on the EU's competence changes
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초록
본 논문의 목적은 공동통상정책의 발전과정을 검토해보는 것이다. 최근 유럽연합에서 무역 관련 이슈들에 관한 논의는 정점에 이르렀다. 다양한 이슈에 대한 논의는 집행위원회와 회원국들의 관계를 불편하게 만들었다. 그 원인은 공동의 ‘권한’ 또는 ‘권력’이라는 문제와 깊은 관련이 있다. 리스본조약으로 집행위원회는 다자간 무역기구를 비롯하여 역외무역과 관련하여 공동체를 대신해서 협상할 수 있는 배타적권한의 합법성을 증대시켰다. 그 결과 그동안 개별 회원국 소관사항이었던 외국인직접투자(FDI)를 유럽연합의 배타적권한 적용범위에 포함시켰다. 그러나 투자협정에 대한 집행위원회의 배타적권한에 대해서는 아직도논란이 그치지 않고 있고, 회원국, 유럽의회가 참여하여 의사결정을 내려야 할많은 부분이 명확하게 구분되지 않았다. 한편, 리스본조약은 회원국 의회의 역외무역정책에 대한 비준 권한이 사라진 대신 유럽의회의 권한을 상당히 강화시켰다. 이는 대외무역과 관련된 문제에 있어서 국가 주권의 문제와 민주성 결핍이라는 새로운 문제를 야기 시킬 수 있음을 의미한다. 즉 리스본조약에서 나타난공동통상정책의 변화는 제도의 변화만이 회원국들의 위치를 공고히 할 수 있다는 생각이 반영된 것에 불과하다. 이에 본 논문은 유럽연합의 공동통상정책은리스본조약의 체결에도 불구하고 집행위원회의 배타적권한과 회원국가의 이익추구사이에서 갈등하는 이중적 모습으로 나타날 수밖에 없음을 밝히려 하였다.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the process of the Common Commercial Policy of the EU. Recently, issues on trade-related are came to a head in EU. For a discussion of various issues made uncomfortable relationship between the European Commission and the Member States, and it is closely related on common ‘competence’ or ‘power’. The Treaty of Lisbon introduced a number of significant institutional and substantial changes in the law governing the external relations of the European Union. The Commission gained a comprehensive external competence which covers all fields of the current multilateral trade associations. As a result of that, the basic areas of the CCP have been extended by FDI. However, the Commission on Investment Agreement for the exclusive rights is indisputable and a large part which Member States and the European Parliament have to make co-decisions to participate has not been clearly classified. In addition to that, the Lisbon Treaty has significantly enhanced the competences of the European Parliament by introducing the ordinary legislative procedure instead of elimination of national parliaments ratification on the decision making process of the CCP. The analysis of impacts of the Lisbon Treaty to the CCP that could occur new problems like issues of national sovereignty and the democratic deficit. This paper purports to explore the CCP's conflict between exclusive competence of the Commission and interests of Member States despite the Lisbon Treaty into effect.
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