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EU의 통상정책에 대한 유럽의회의 영향력: EU의 자유무역협정(FTA) 사례를 통한 연구

How does the European Parliament influence EU’s Trade Policy?: Case Studies of EU’s Free Trade Agreements

강유덕
EU연구소 (Institute for European Union Studies)|2020.02|EU연구 (Journal of European Union Studies)|제54호|pp. 67-106|DOI 10.18109/jeus.2020..54.67

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자유무역협정통상정책Lisbon Treaty유럽의회European Parliament리스본 조약free trade agreement비준ratificationtrade Policy
주제분류지역학

초록

이 연구는 EU의 통상정책에 대한 유럽의회의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 자유무역협정의 사례를 분석하였다. 리스본 조약의 발효로 인해 유럽의회는 무역협상에 대한 상세한 정보를 보고받을 수 있는 권한과 무역협정에 대한 명시적인 동의권한을 획득했다. 이러한 권한을 바탕으로 유럽의회는 선출직 의원들이 갖는 전문적 지식의 한계를 극복할 수 있었고, 결의안과 다양한 회의를 통해 EU 집행위원회에 의견을 전달했다. 또한 동의권한을 활용하여 EU 집행위원회와 EU 이사회를 압박하면서 무역협정에 유럽의회의 의견을 반영시켰다. EU의 통상정책이 노동, 환경, 인권 등의 이슈를 포함하면서 점차 규범적 성향을 띄는 이유는 유럽의회의 영향에 따른 것이다. 또한 무역협정의 이행과정에서 상대국과의 정책대화를 강조하고, 노동, 환경관련 정책 및 제도, 그 결과에 대해 점검하는 것도 유럽의회의 요구가 반영된 것이다. 이러한 현상은 EU의 FTA가 계속 확대되고 FTA 이행경험과 사례가 증가함에 따라 앞으로도 빈번하게 발생할 것으로 예상한다. 이는 EU의 통상정책 결정과정이 훨씬 다원화되고 있음을 의미한다.

Abstract

This study examines the role of the European Parliament (EP) in the EU’s trade policy-making procedure. Since the Lisbon Treaty, the European Parliament has played an increasing role in the trade policy. The EP has a right to be immediately and fully informed at all stages of the trade policy. Besides, all trade agreement with third countries require consent from the EP, equivalent to a ratification procedure in national assemblies, and all trade-related legislation must follow the ordinary legislative procedure for which the EP act as a co-legislator together with the Council. Against the newly obtained competences, the EP has developed its capacity and instruments in trade issues to channel their opinions and requests into the European Commission that takes charge of the trade negotiations. A number of formal and informal meetings between the European institutions and those at the intra-EP level allowed an evolution in the degree and quality of technical expertise at the EP level. The members of the European Parliament (MEP) have used active communication methods vis-a-vis the other European institutions, particularly the European Commission, developing their resolutions that include their requests for trade negotiations. The EU's trade policy has been more normative, including issues such as labor, environment and human rights and this is due to the influence of the EP. In the implementation phase, the EP has pressured to the European Commission so that it tends to emphasize policy dialogues with trade partners and to examine labor and environmental policies and institutional changes in this regard. This trend is expected to occur frequently as the EU's FTA continues to expand and the experiences of FTA implementation increase. This suggests that the EU's decision-making process is much more diversified ever before.

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