영국-프랑스 안보협력과 유럽의 새로운 안보질서
UK-French Security Cooperation and Europe's New Security Order
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초록
영국과 프랑스는 2010년 11월 초 양국의 경기침체와 유럽 인근의 안보불안 등 매우 어려운 국내외적 여건 속에서 방위 및 안보 분야의 협력을 강화하기 위하여 랭커스터 하우스 조약을 체결했다. 이 조약은 2008년 세계금융위기 이후 미국의 ‘아시아선회정책’(Asian pivot) 추진과 유로존 재정위기 등으로 유럽안보의 불확실성이 크게 증대한 상황에서 양자 협력을 강화하여 유럽안보를 안정적으로 관리하고 국제영역에서 자신들의 강대국 지위와 영향력을 계속 유지하려는 두 나라 정책결정자들의 의도를 반영한 것이었다. 영국과 프랑스는 인접한 두 강대국으로 오랜 기간 유럽과 세계의 패권을 위해 치열하게 싸웠던 경험이 있으며, 21세기에 들어와서도 강대국을 지향하는 각자의 독특한 전략문화들을 고수하면서 상호 경쟁적인 라이벌 관계를 형성했다. 두 나라는 당시 심각한 대내외적 어려움 속에서 자신들의 강대국 지위 유지에 비관적인 전망을 갖게 됐고, 이러한 상황을 탈피하고 이전의 국제적인 위상과 영향력을 계속 유지하기 위해 새로운 전략적 제휴관계를 모색했던 것으로 이해된다. 이 논문은 먼저 양국관계의 역사적인 발전과정, 특히 1991년 냉전이 종료된 이후 나토와 EU를 중심으로 전개된 두 나라 간 협력과 경쟁관계를 살펴볼 것이다. 마스트리히트 조약 이후 EU의 공동외교안보정책(CFSP)과 공동안보방위정책(CSDP)의 발전에 대한 양국의 상이한 인식과 접근방식을 분석한 후, 이러한 차이에도 불구하고 두 나라가 협력을 강화하려 했던 배경과 동기에 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 지난 10여년간 영국-프랑스 안보방위협력의 전개양상과 앞으로의 발전방향, 그리고 그것이 유럽안보에 갖는 함의를 고찰할 것이다.
Abstract
In early November 2010, the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of France signed the Lancaster House Treaties to strengthen their defence and security cooperation amid deepening economic recessions and worsening security landscape in Europe. These Treaties were intended to maintain these two countries’ status and influence in the international arena as great powers while reinforcing Europe's aggravating security situations through developing closer cooperative relations between them. Both the UK and France have had the tradition of nurturing great power-oriented strategic cultures for long time and, even in the early 21st century, they still tend to go against the other as a major competitor and rival state in that context. It is understood that Britain and France nevertheless endeavoured to overcome their extremely difficult national situations within the period and maintain their legacy as great powers through developing a highly pragmatic strategic partnership between them. This paper examines first the historical evolution of the British-Franco relations in the modern period, especially the dynamics of their cooperation and competition since the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s regarding the future of NATO and the EU's increased role in European security and defence. After reviewing their different perceptions and approaches towards these issues, it sheds light on the reasons and motivations behind their decisions to strengthen and enhancing their cooperation in these fields. It is followed by the discussions on the outcomes of their cooperation during the last 10 or more years and their implications on European security in the coming years.
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