사회운동적 노동조합주의 비판: 다층적 가치전선과 사회적 노동운동의 가능성
A Critique of Social Movement Unionism
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사회운동적 노동조합주의의 현재의 노동조합운동에 대한 비판적 고찰은 표면적 이고 부분적이다. 기존의 노동운도의 제도화대한 실천적 함의에도 불구하고 이 이 론은 소위 전통적인 노동운동 부분과 새롭게 부상하고 있는 사회적 노동의 반가치, 반자본 투쟁을 연결하는 매개가 되는 역할을 충분히 하고 있지 못하다. 무엇보다 사회운동적 노동조합주의가 시도하는 노동운동과 많은 ‘다른’ 사회운동들을 결합 하는 전략은 1) 새롭게 부각되는 운동과 투쟁들, 그리고 2) 자본주의적 사회관계의 모순적 발전 간의 관계에 대한 이해에 기반하고 있지 않기 때문에 노동운동의 ‘전 통적인’ 부분과 ‘새로운’ 부분에 대한 포괄적인 이론적 전략적 대안을 제시하는 점 에 있어서 명백한 한계를 지닌다. 우리는 노동이 자본주의의 사회적 총체성의 재생 산에서 차지하는 중심적 역할의 고찰을 통해서 노동운동의 영역을 확장하고자 하였 고 반가치 투쟁으로서의 노동운동이 취한 특정한 역사적 형태를 추적함으로써 사회 운동적 노동조합주의의 이론과 실천에서 일반적으로 드러나는 자본주의적 사회관 계의 낡은 모순과 새로운 모순 간의 관계에서의 ‘외연성’(externality), 그리고 그들을 각자 대변하는 전통적인 운동과 새로운 운동 간의 외연성을 극복해보고자 한다.
Abstract
This article aims to contribute to building a more ‘comprehensive’ theory of the alter-globalisation movement by engaging with theories and practices of social movement unionism (SMU). Arguing against the old labour movement’s industrial workerism, male-domination, bureaucratic nature, nationalism and isolation from other social movements, SMU suggests many strategies alternative to the union movement. Indeed, it seems true that as an alternative ‘strategy’ of the labour movement in the globalising and expanding circuit of capital, SMU has been increasingly influential to unionists and activists. However, in spite of ‘strategic’ achievements of SMU in creating a platform for actions and ideas, SMU theories remain to be developed a lot more. In particular, the attempt of SMU theories to connect the labour movement and ‘other’social movements without thoroughly addressing the relations between newly emerging forms of social movements/struggles and the contradictory development of capital relations prevents SMU from being an alternative and comprehensive theory with an inspiring perspective for the 21st century labour movement. This article tries to shed light on and overcome the ‘externality’ of the relations between the old contradictions and new contradictions as well as between the old movement and new movements that haunts SMU theories in general. It will be argued that breaking down the ‘otherness’ between different movements is an urgent task for critical academics and activists working to build a real unity among the diversified movements. I will argue that the expanding circuit of capital and the ‘real’ subsumpiton of our livelihood to it deepened, rather than removed, internal relations between immediate labour problems and so-called ‘other’ social contradictions. It does so by widening the central role of the social relations of capitalist labour, not as merely relations of labouring activities as presented in SMU theories, but as a particular social mediation that constitutes the social relations of the entire living and working space in a particular way. A presupposition of the real ‘articulation’ of the labour movement with ‘other’ movements is, we aregue, to realise multiple front lines of anti-value struggles emerging from the expanding circuit of capital and to resolve conceptually the ‘otherness’ between the movements against the up-side-down reality mediated by the social relations of abstract labour.
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