‘사회운동적 노동조합주의’로 본 포용성 전략으로서의 지역 내 노동운동과 사회운동 간의 전략적 통섭
The Intra-Regional Strategic Consilience between Labor and Social Movements as an Inclusive Strategy from ‘The Social Movement Unionism’
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본 고는 ‘사회운동적 노동조합주의’란 무엇인지, 또 어떠한 조건 하에서 이와 같은 노동운동이 구체화될 수 있는지를 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. ‘사회운동적 노동조합주의’로 불리는 개념은 1970년~80년대에 논의되었던 ‘신사회운동론’에 대한 일종의 반명제로 규정할 수 있다. ‘신사회운동론’의 입장에 의하면, ‘낡은 사회운동’에 있어서 중심적인 역할을 수행해온 노동운동은―적어도 제2차 세계대전 이후의 선진제국에 있어서는―노사관계 제도 및 정치체제 안으로 편입되어 체제내화됨으로써 사회운동 주체로서의 존재감도 약했을 뿐만 아니라 그 기능도 발휘하지 못했다. 반면에 1960년대 후반 이후, 환경, 젠더, 소수민족, 커뮤니티 등과 같은 다양한 사회문제의 해결을 목적으로 하는 ‘신사회운동’이 새로운 중간계급(new middle class)을 지지 기반으로 하여 활성화되면서 사회운동의 중심적인 역할을 수행하기에 이르렀다. ‘사회운동적 노동조합주의’는 이와 같은 ‘신사회운동’의 흐름에 대한 저항으로서 오히려 노동조합의 ‘재사회운동화’를 의미한다. 즉 노동조합은 지금까지의 경제적 영역을 중심으로 하는 활동 범위의 한계에 직면했기 때문에, 스스로의 조직을 재활성화하기 위해 사회적 영역으로까지 그 활동 범위를 확대하고자 하는 운동으로 환언될 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine what ‘social movement unionism’ is and under what conditions such a labor movement can be materialized. The concept called 'social movement unionism' can be defined as a kind of counter-proposition to the 'new social movement theory' discussed in the 1970s and 1980s. According to the position of 'New Social Movement', the labor movement, which has played a central role in the 'old social movement' - at least in the advanced countries after World War II - was incorporated into the industrial relations system and political system and internalized the system. As a result, it not only weakened its presence as a social movement subject, but also failed to exert its function. On the other hand, since the late 1960s, the 'New Social Movement', which aims to solve various social problems such as environment, gender, ethnic minority, and community, was activated based on the support of the new middle class, and became the center of the social movement. came to play a role. ‘Social movement trade unionism’ refers to the ‘resocial movement’ of trade unions as resistance to the flow of such a ‘new social movement’. In other words, since the union has faced the limit of the scope of its activities centered on the economic sphere so far, it can be translated into a movement to expand its scope of activity to the social sphere in order to revitalize its own organization.
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