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1925년 데이비드 스티븐슨 성폭행 사건과 KKK의 몰락

1925 Trial of David C. Stephenson and the Fall of the Second Ku Klux Klan

김인선
여성연구소 (Women's Studies Center, Pusan National University)|2023.10|여성학연구 (PNU Journals of Women's Studies)|제33권 제2호|pp. 219-249|DOI 10.22772/pnujws.33.2.202310.219

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참고문헌

키워드

Sexual Assault성폭행Rape Myth강간 신화Sexual Politics성 정치Ku Klux Klan매지 오버홀처데이비드 스티븐슨쿠 클럭스 클랜Madge OberholtzerDavid C. Stephenson

초록

이 글은 미국에서 KKK의 몰락을 촉발한 1925년 데이비드 스티븐슨 성폭행 사건을 여성사적 측면에서 고찰한다. 스티븐슨 사건은 전국 최대 규모를 자랑하던 KKK 인디애나 지부 수장 스티븐슨이 1925년 3월 15일 28세 백인 여성 매지 오버홀처를 성폭행하여 죽음에 이르게 한 사건이다. 이 사건을 계기로 KKK의 추악한 면모가 공개되었고 클랜의 세력이 급격히 축소되었다. 기존 연구는 이 사건을 KKK를 몰락시킨 성폭력 사건으로 부각하면서도 여성사적 측면에서 매지 오버홀처 증언의 역사적 의미를 제대로 조명하지 못한 한계를 지닌다. 이런 문제의식 아래 본 연구는 1920년대 KKK의 이중적 성도덕, 재판에서 드러난 주요 쟁점과 젠더 인식, 미국 사회에서 강간 신화의 작동방식을 탐구함으로써 미국 여성사의 관점에서 본 사건이 갖는 역사적 의미를 살펴보고자 한다.

Abstract

This study examines the David Curtis Stephenson sexual assault case in 1925, which triggered the downfall of the Second Ku Klux Klan (hereinafter abbreviated as KKK) in the United States. The Stevenson case is an incident in which Stevenson, the leader of the KKK in Indiana, USA, which boasted the largest scale in the country, kidnapped Madge Oberholtzer, sexually assaulted her, imprisoned her, and ultimately led to her death. At the time, Oberholtzer's dying statement became a catalyst for the downfall of the KKK by exposing the true nature of Stevenson, who was reminiscent of a 'modern-day Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.' Most scholars usually explain the Stevenson incident as a groundbreaking example of internal strife and division within the KKK, political and economic corruption, populism, and public agitation. However, by approaching the Stevenson case through lens of Feminist History, this study seeks to explore how sex and power combined to perpetuate rape culture in the dichotomy of honor and shame, purity and pollution. Additionally, this paper offers the argument that this trial is significant in that it dealt a fatal blow to the Klan's reputation not only in Indiana but also across the country and triggered the second collapse of the KKK.

참고문헌 (68)

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