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미국 신남부 흑인린치와 백인여성의 저항 : 남부여성린치방지협회(1930∼1942)를 중심으로

White Women’s War on Lynching in the New South : The Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching(1930~1942)

김인선
한국여성사학회 (Korean Association of Women's History)|2020.06|여성과 역사 (Women and History)|제32호|pp. 289-328|DOI 10.22511/women..32.202006.289

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참고문헌

키워드

린치남부여성린치방지협회제시 대니얼 에임스신남부린치반대운동LynchingAssociation of Southern Women for the Prevention of LynchingJessie Daniel AmesNew SouthAnti-lynching Campaign

초록

본 연구는 린치반대 운동에 헌신한 ‘남부여성린치방지협회’를 소개하고여성사적 측면에서 본 조직의 의미를 논하고자 한다. 1930년 남부 백인 숙녀들이 주축이 되어 결성된 이 조직은 12명의 회원으로 출발해 1942년 해산무렵 4만 명이 넘는 회원을 보유할 만큼 성장한다. 극단적 인종주의가 일상이던 남부에서 소위 숙녀들이 남부 사회의 변화를 꿈꾸며 대담한 발언과실천을 전개한 것이다. 1940년대 이후 린치에 대한 남부인의 인식이 급격히변하고 린치가 거의 소멸하는 데 협회는 주요한 역할을 담당했다. 이들의운동은 인종차별에 대한 문제제기를 뛰어넘어 백인여성의 독립 선언이라는점에서도 주목할 만하다. 이들의 린치반대 선언은 남성의 보호 없이 당당히서겠다는 주체적 의지의 표명이자 여성 시민으로서 책임 있는 행동을 하겠다는 조용한, 그러나 대단히 유의미한 항거였다. 나아가 협회가 선보인 혁신적인 조직 운영 및 기발한 린치반대 캠페인은 합리성과 실용성을 두루 갖춘 조직가이자 지도자로서 여성들의 탁월한 능력을 입증했다. 남부여성린치방지협회는 기존 남부 특권층 백인여성의 스테레오타입을 뛰어넘어 새로운여성상을 제시함과 아울러 남부에서 흑인여성운동과 백인여성운동의 오랜성과를 계승했다는 점에서 의미가 크다.

Abstract

This paper deals with the history of an organization of Southern white women opposed to lynching: the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching(ASWPL). This organization, founded in 1930 by only twelve Southern white ladies, grew to more than 40,000 members in 1942. The ASWPL showed bold activities and practices dreaming of a change in the New South. It played a major role for the Southern white to change the perception of lynching negative and helped to eradicate lynching. The ASWPL’s activism is also remarkable in that it is a declaration of independence for white women beyond the question of racism. Specifically, the anti-lynching movement by white middle-class women was an expression of the subject’s willingness to stand out without fear of sexual violence and a declaration: there was no need for men's protection. It was a quiet, but significant revolt to deny the role of the lady under chivalry. Furthermore, the innovative organization management and anti-lynching campaigns of the ASWPL demonstrated the outstanding abilities of women as organizers and leaders. It is meaningful in that the ASWPL succeeded in the achievements of the Black Feminist Movement as well as the White Feminist Movement in the South while presenting an unprecedented women’s vision beyond the stereotype of the white women in the Southern privileged class.

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