民國時期港澳地區的僑教初探
An Initial Exploration of Overseas Chinese Education in Hong Kong and Macau during the Republican Era
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民國時期, 在港澳地區為華人開辦的一些學校曾被稱為「僑校」, 但這些僑校是在中國的土地上開辦的, 跟在南洋和海外的僑校本質不同。過去的僑校有在廣東省教育廳立案, 後來又分別在教育部和僑務委員會立案, 而隨著抗戰爆發, 港澳在華南的地位日見重要, 內地的一些學校也陸續遷設港澳繼續授課, 成為僑校, 而當時國民政府負責管理僑校的行政組織正是教育部和僑務委員會。關於民國時期的僑教工作, 依據政策的發展和策略的改變, 或可以南京政府的成立作為分水嶺, 而其後的二十年又可以抗戰爆發分為若干時期。本文將從檔案和相關文獻資料, 整理國民政府僑務機關設置的沿革, 考察其與僑民教育相關的事務及一些紛爭, 並探討僑務委員會上世紀四十年代在澳門教育界開展的工作。
Abstract
During the Republic of China period, some schools established for Chinese people in the Hong Kong and Macao regions were referred to as “overseas Chinese schools.” However, these schools were established on Chinese soil and were fundamentally different from overseas Chinese schools in Southeast Asia and other parts of the world. In the past, overseas Chinese schools were registered with the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education, and later with the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission (OCAC). With the outbreak of the War of Resistance, the strategic importance of Hong Kong and Macao in South China grew, leading to the relocation of some schools from the mainland to Hong Kong and Macao to continue their operations, thereby becoming overseas Chinese schools. At that time, the administrative bodies responsible for managing overseas Chinese schools were the MOE and the OCAC. Regarding overseas Chinese education during the Republic of China period, based on the development of policies and changes in strategies, the establishment of the Nanjing government can be seen as a turning point, and the subsequent twenty years can be further divided into several periods following the outbreak of the War of Resistance. This paper will utilise archival and related documentary materials to trace the evolution of the Nationalist Government's overseas Chinese affairs agencies, examine their involvement in matters related to overseas Chinese education and associated disputes, and explore the work conducted by the OCAC in the education sector of Macau during the 1940s.