절차적 공정성이 시민의 경찰협력 의도에 미치는 영향: 법률 정당성과 사회적 정체성의 매개 효과
Effects of Procedural Justice on Public Willingness to Cooperate with Police: the Mediating Effects of Law Legitimacy and Social Identity
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 우리 나라의 경찰활동 상황에서 절차적 공정성 인식, 법률 정당성 인식, 사회적 정체성 인식, 시민의 경찰협력 의도 간의 영향관계를 실증 분석하고, 특히 법률 정당성 인식 또는 사회적 정체성 인식이 절차적 공정성 인식과 시민의 경찰협력 의도 간의 관계에서 매개역할을 하고 있는지를 분석하고, 분석 결과를 토대로 시민의 경찰협력 의도 수준을 발전시키기 위한 정책적 함의를 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구의 데이터는 세종특별자치시를 제외한 전국 16개 광역시ㆍ도에 거주하고 있는 19세 이상 80세 미만의 시민 1,058명으로부터 수집되었다. 3개의 독립변수와 5개의 통제변수를 함께 투입한 중다회귀분석은 사회적 정체성 인식(β=.286, p=.000), 절차적 공정성 인식(β=.215, p=.000), 법률 정당성 인식(β=.202, p=.000), 연령(β=-.070, p=.015)이 시민의 경찰협력 의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주었다(R²=.248). 따라서, 시민의 경찰협력 의도를 향상시킴에 있어서 주요한 열쇠는 경찰이 절차적 공정성 인식을 향상시키고, 법률 공정성 인식을 강화시키고, 사회적 정체성 인식을 높이기 위한 방안을 실행하는 것이다. 이 연구는 경찰활동에 있어서 시민 협력을 확보하기 위한 방안을 개발함에 있어서 주요한 시사점을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to test the causal relationship between perceived procedural Justice, perceived law legitimacy, perceived social identity, public cooperation with police, in particular to analyze whether perceived law legitimacy or perceived social identity has some mediating effect on the relationship between perceived procedural justice and public willingness to cooperate with police. and to provide policy implications to improve public willingness to cooperate with police Data of the study were collected from 1,058 citizens between 19 and 79 years of age living in 16 metropolitan cities and provinces across South Korea, excluding Sejong Special Autonomous City. Multiple regression analyses with three independent variables and five control variables demonstrate that perceived social identity(β=.286, p=.000), perceived procedural justice(β=.215, p=.000), perceived law legitimacy(β=.202, p=.000), age(β=-.070, p=.000) have the statistically significant influence on public willingness to cooperate with police(R²=.248). Therefore, the main key to improving public willingess to cooperate with police is to act in ways that improve perceived procedural justice, enhance perceived law legitimacy, and increase perceived social identity.
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