시민의 법률준수 및 경찰협력에의 영향요인: 경찰 정당성 이론을 중심으로
Factors Influencing Publicʼs Compliance with Law and Cooperation with Police: Focusing on Police Legitimacy Theory
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 주로 미국, 영국, 호주 등에서 연구되어 왔던 경찰 정당성 이론을 우리 나라의 경찰활동 상황에서 검증하기 위해서, 경찰 정당성 인식, 경찰 효과성 인식, 시민의 법률준수 및 경찰협력 의도 간의 인과관계를 실증적으로 분석하고, 특히 경찰 정당성 인식이 경찰 효과성 인식과 시민의 법률준수 및 경찰협력 의도 간의 관계에서 매개효과를 갖고 있는지 여부를 분석하고, 시민의 경찰 정당성 인식을 향상시키기 위한 정책적 함의를 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구의 통제변수로서 성별, 연령, 소득수준, 집합적 유효성 인식, 사회적 정체성 인식이 활용되었다. 이 연구를 위한 데이터는 2018년 12월 1~10일 동안 온라인 서베이 업체를 통해서 8개 특별시 및 광역시에 거주하고 있는 19세 이상 80세 미만의 시민 505명으로부터 수집되었다. 다중회귀분석의 결과는 경찰 정당성 인식, 사회적 정체성 인식이 시민의 법률준수 의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치고, 경찰 정당성 인식, 집합적 유효성 인식, 사회적 정체성 인식이 시민의 경찰협력 의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주었다. 특히, 경찰 정당성 인식은 경찰 효과성 인식과 시민의 법률준수 및 경찰협력 의도간의 관계를 매개하는 효과를 갖고 있었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to test the police legitimacy theory in policing context of South Korea, which has been studied in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. In particular, this study empirically analyzes the causal relationship between police legitimacy, police effectiveness, and public compliance with law and public cooperation with police. The study also analyzes whether police legitimacy has a mediating effect between police effectiveness and public compliance with law and public cooperation with police and suggests policy implications to improve public perceptions of police legitimacy. The data for this study were collected from 505 people aged 19 to under 80 living in eight metropolitan cities in South Korea through an online survey company during December, 2018. The multiple regression analyses showed that the perception of police legitimacy had a statistically significant and positive effects on public compliance with law and public cooperation with police. In particular, the perception of police legitimacy had the effect of mediating the relationship between police effectiveness and public compliance with law and public cooperation with police. Therefore, if police institutions want the public to comply with law and cooperate with the police actively, they first need to make the efforts to develop the perception of police legitimacy through effective police practices and policies in South Korea.
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