16세기 종교개혁의 스캔들, 그 불관용의 역사에 대한 역사-재구성적 성찰 -초기 복음주의적 재세례파 박해를 중심으로
Scandals of the Reformation: Historical-reconstructive Reflections on the History of Intoleration and Persecution of the Early Evangelical Anabaptists
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본 논문의 목적은 종교개혁 초기 재세례파 박해에 대한 사회/정치적 고찰을 통해 박해의 기존 정당화 논리가 가진 문제점을 지적하는 것이 하나이고, 다른 하나는 개혁의 진정성으로서 초기 복음주의적 재세례주의자들이 꿈꿨던 시대전환적 비전을 논하는 것이다. 논문은 먼저 급진주의 개혁에 대한 정의(定意)를 시도하고, 그것에 비추어 소위 ‘복음주의적 재세례파’의 탄생, 츠빙글리를 비롯한 주류 개혁가들의 선택, 그리고 시(市)의회의 재세례파 탄압을 논함으로써 재세례파 박해에 대한 역사/재구성을 시도한다. 재세례파 박해는 그것이 하나의 종교적, 신학적 운동이었기 때문이 아니라 반사회적 비국교도, 분리주의자들로 간주되었기 때문에 일어난 것으로, 결과적으로 양심의 자유, ‘교회와 국가의 분리’ 등 급진주의 개혁의 원칙들과 비전들은 수용 불가능했고, 재세례파의 운명은 이단정죄와 함께 박해의 비극으로 점철된 것이다. 종교개혁 시대는 역사상 또 다른 박해가 깊어진 시기였지만 동시에 궁극적 자유를 향한 문을 연 시대였다.
Abstract
This paper aims to point out critically the problem of the justification of the early persecution of Anabaptists at the time of the Reformation through social/political considerations, and to discuss the time-shifting vision about which the so-called evangelical Anabaptists dreamed. The persecution of the Anabaptist movement occurred not only because it was a religious or theological movement, but because it was viewed as a movement of antisocial nonconformists, de facto separatists. As a result, the reforming principles and visions such as freedom of conscience and ‘separation of church and state’ were unacceptable. The fate of the Anabaptists was marked by tragedies such as heresy, oppression, and persecution. The Reformation was another era that represented the harshest persecutions in history and, paradoxically, a time of opening the door to ultimate freedom on the issues of religion and conscience.
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