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바냐물렝게 민족정체성의 형성과 맥락화: 이주와 정착 그리고 식민 지배 시기를 중심으로

Formation and Contextualization of Banyamulenge Ehnic Identity: Migration, Settlement, and the Colonial Era

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주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 연구는 콩고민주공화국 동부지역에 거주하는 바냐물렝게(Banyamulenge) 공동체의 민족정체성이 형성되고 맥락화되는 과정을 역사적, 정치적, 사회적 관점에서 분석하였다. 바냐물렝게는 르완다 투치족의 후손으로, 16~17세기 콩고 동부지역으로 이주하여 정착하였다. 그러나 벨기에 식민지배 시기와 독립 이후 이들은 ‘외국인’으로 분류되며 국적과 시민권 문제에서 배제되었다. 본 논문은 바냐물렝게 공동체가 이러한 배제와 차별 속에서 자신들의 민족정체성을 강화하며 ‘바냐물렝게’라는 이름으로 토착적 정체성을 재정립한 과정을 문헌연구와 현지 조사를 통해 살펴보았다. 연구 방법으로는 르완다, 부룬디, 우간다 및 콩고민주공화국 동부지역에서 진행된 현지 조사와 인터뷰, 관찰을 통해 정체성 형성과 사회적·정치적 역학 관계에 대한 주요 통찰을 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 바냐물렝게인의 정체성 형성과 맥락화는 콩고민주공화국과 대호수지역의 정치적·사회적 갈등 구조를 이해하는 핵심 요소임이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 지속 가능한 평화를 위한 국가적·지역적 통합 및 포용 전략의 필요성을 강조하며, 바냐물렝게인의 국적과 시민권 문제를 해결하는 것이 대호수지역 안정과 평화 구축의 중요한 기반임을 제언하였다.

Abstract

This study analyzes the formation and contextualization of the ethnic identity of the Banyamulenge community residing in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from historical, political, and social perspectives. The Banyamulenge, descendants of Rwanda's Tutsi people, migrated to and settled in the eastern DRC during the 16th and 17th centuries. However, during the Belgian colonial era and after independence, they were categorized as "foreigners" and excluded from issues related to nationality and citizenship. This paper examines how the Banyamulenge community strengthened their ethnic identity amidst such exclusion and discrimination, redefining their indigenous identity through the name "Banyamulenge." The research methodology includes extensive literature review and field investigations conducted in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and the eastern DRC, with interviews and observations providing key insights into their identity formation and socio-political dynamics. The findings reveal that the formation and contextualization of the Banyamulenge identity are critical to understanding the political and social conflict structures in the DRC and the Great Lakes Region. This study underscores the necessity of national and regional integration and inclusive strategies for sustainable peace, suggesting that resolving the nationality and citizenship issues of the Banyamulenge is fundamental to achieving stability and peace in the Great Lakes Region.

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