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글로벌 생태·환경 위기 속 아프리카인의 존재론과 토착 종교

The African Ontology and Religion in the Global Ecological and Environmental Crisis

설병수
한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2024.12|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제73권 |pp. 147-180

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참고문헌

키워드

OntologyAfrica아프리카존재론Value System토착 종교생태·환경 위기가치 체계Indigenous ReligionEcological and Environmental Crisis
주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 연구는 21세기의 글로벌 생태·환경 위기라는 맥락에서, 아프리카인의 존재론과 토착 종교가 지닌 여러 함의를 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 삼았다. 이러한 목적하에, 아프리카인의 존재론과 생태학적 조화, 아프리카의 토착 종교와 생태·환경 윤리의 상호 연관성, 아프리카인의 영성과 생태·환경 보존의 맥락에 대해 살펴보았다. 아프리카인의 존재론은 지역 공동체 사람들이 생태·환경과 조화로운 삶을 살아가는 데 긍정적으로 작용하고 있다. 또한, 아프리카의 토착 종교에서 발견되는 생태·환경 윤리는 인간과 비인간적 존재의 공존을 위해 필요한 지침을 제공한다. 오늘날의 생태·환경 위기를 극복하는 과정에서, 아프리카인의 조상 숭배와 신령 숭배가 ‘오래된 지혜이자 미래’라는 사실은 분명해 보인다. 이 글을 통해 우리는 아프리카인의 존재론이 천연자원의 보존을 중시하는 전통적 관행과 문화적 규범에 지대한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 아프리카의 공동체 구성원은 인간과 비인간적 존재뿐만 아니라 성(聖)과 속(俗)을 이분법적으로 파악하지 않고 총체적으로 파악하고 있다. 이 때문에 그들의 전통적 믿음 체계와 이에 따른 실천 방식은 우리의 생존과 직결된 생태·환경의 위기와 관련하여 중요한 함의를 지닌다. 다른 한편, 우리는 ‘존재론적 전회’를 넘어설 필요가 있다. 이것은 기존의 물질적·정신적 패러다임을 완전히 갈아엎어야 함을 뜻한다. 이러한 변혁은 생태·환경 위기를 극복하는 데 매우 긍정적인 효과를 낼 것이다. 인간은 유한의 시간과 공간 속에서 생존을 위해 몸부림치는 존재다. 이 과정에서 인간, 동식물, 자연, 사물 간 상호 관계를 결정한 것은 ‘가치 체계’였다. 우리는 인간과 비인간적 존재가 더욱더 조화롭게 공존할 수 있도록 완전히 새로운 패러다임을 창출해야 할 것이다.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the implications of African ontology and indigenous religion, in the context of the ecological and environmental crisis in the 21st century. To achieve such a purpose, this paper explores African ontology and ecological harmony, the interconnectedness between African indigenous religion, and the context of African spirituality and ecological and environmental preservation. African ontology positively acts on local community people, who have endeavored to live harmonic lives with ecology and environment. Also, the ecological and environmental ethics found from African indigenous religion provides us a good guide, which is necessary for the coexistence between humans and non-human beings. It is clear that African worship for ancestors and deities has become both ancient wisdom and future, in the process of overcoming the present ecological and environmental crisis. Through this article, we can know that African ontology has greatly influenced on the traditional practices and cultural norms, which seriously consider the preservation of natural resources. Members of African communities holistically apprehend, rather than dichotomously, not just humans and non-human beings but the sacred and the secular. Hence, their traditional belief systems and practical ways related to them have significant implications, concerned with the ecological and environmental crisis, which is directly connected with the survival of humans. On the other hand, we need to go beyond ontological turn. This implies that we should completely overturn the existing material and mental paradigm. Such a transformation will very positively effect on the ecological and environmental crisis. Humans are beings, who have struggled for survival. In such a process, it was the value system that determined the interrelations among humans, animals, plants, nature and things. We have to create a totally new paradigm that humans can more harmonically coexist with non-human beings.

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