아프리카 대호수지역(Great Lakes Region) 불안정의 역사적 요인 연구: 독립 이후부터 1994년 제노사이드 발생 전까지 르완다 후투·투치 민족 정체성의 역사적 맥락화를 중심으로
A Study on the Historical Factors of Instability in the African Great Lakes Region: Focusing on the historical contextualization of the ethnic identities of the Hutu and Tutsi from Rwanda's independence to 1994 Genocide
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The most important cause of instability in the Great Lakes Region is that the contextualization and polarization of Hutu and Tutsi ethnic identity took place after independence until the occurrence of Genocide in 1994, and the rulers of the countries of the Great Lakes Region are using ethnic identity as a means to maintain power. Historically, the violence of Rwanda's Hutu and Tutsi ethnic identity has been conducted by using ethnic nationalism to solidify control and power in unstable times. The regimes of Grégoire Kayibanda and Juvénal Habyarimana contributed to triggering Genocide in 1994 by contextualizing and polarizing Hutu and Tutsi ethnic identities. Kaibanda overcame divisions within the Hutu and worked to purge the Tutsi for unity, calling them "ethnic rebalancing," "clearing off," and "the expulsion of the surplus Tutsi.“ Habyarimana established a dictatorship of one-party rule, and sought to justify and legalize power through the establishment of the Hutu's ethnic identity. The Habyarimana regime implemented a quota system in accordance with the 'ethnic proportionality', but did not actually consider the Tutsi as the people of nation and defined the Tutsi as an external invader. The Tutsi, who were called 'Jew' after the Hutu Revolution in 1959, triggered a large-scale diaspora of the Tutsi, and contextualized their ethnic identity in the process of fighting for state and territory.
Abstract
The most important cause of instability in the Great Lakes Region is that the contextualization and polarization of Hutu and Tutsi ethnic identity took place after independence until the occurrence of Genocide in 1994, and the rulers of the countries of the Great Lakes Region are using ethnic identity as a means to maintain power. Historically, the violence of Rwanda's Hutu and Tutsi ethnic identity has been conducted by using ethnic nationalism to solidify control and power in unstable times. The regimes of Grégoire Kayibanda and Juvénal Habyarimana contributed to triggering Genocide in 1994 by contextualizing and polarizing Hutu and Tutsi ethnic identities. Kaibanda overcame divisions within the Hutu and worked to purge the Tutsi for unity, calling them "ethnic rebalancing," "clearing off," and "the expulsion of the surplus Tutsi.“ Habyarimana established a dictatorship of one-party rule, and sought to justify and legalize power through the establishment of the Hutu's ethnic identity. The Habyarimana regime implemented a quota system in accordance with the 'ethnic proportionality', but did not actually consider the Tutsi as the people of nation and defined the Tutsi as an external invader. The Tutsi, who were called 'Jew' after the Hutu Revolution in 1959, triggered a large-scale diaspora of the Tutsi, and contextualized their ethnic identity in the process of fighting for state and territory.
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