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The Historical Contextualization and Ethnic Identity of Bakongo People in DRC: Case of ABAKO, BDK, BDM

김광수
한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2019.08|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제57권 |pp. 69-116|DOI 10.35751/af.2019.57..003

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참고문헌

키워드

콩고민주공화국Democratic Republic of CongoKongo KingdomBakongoAlliance des Bakongo(ABAKO)Bakongo nationalismNe Muanda NsemiBundu dia Kongo(BDK)Bundu dia Mayala(BDM)콩고왕국바콩고바콩고동맹(ABAKO)바콩고 민족주의네 무안다 은세미콩고연합(BDK)마얄라연합(BDM)
주제분류학제간연구

초록

The case of Bakongo ethnic group can be considered as a good example for studying identity politics. The Bakongo people expresses collective identity based on regional, ethnic, and religious foundations. The Bakongo have continued to contextualize their national identity based on their historical, cultural, and religious identity, which can be called the Bakongo nationalism. Such contextualization has occurred in the past and continues to occur through the organizations of ABAKO, BDK, and BDM with historical, cultural, political, and religious hybridity. The Bakongo ethnic identity was contextualized by the following factors. First, the Bakongo people historically follow the identity of the Kongo Kingdom and has a stronger sense of history than any other ethnic group. Second, the Bakongo people strengthened their identity through language, culture, and symbolism. They also emphasize the importance of African culture. Third, religiously, they have the identity of the Kimbanguist Church which is part of the African Independent Churches (AICs) and traditional African religions. The Kongo messianism belief is closely related to the identity of BDK and BDM, and Ne Muanda Nsemi is regarded as the Messiah of the Bakongo people. BDK's protests and violence in 2007 and 2008 were caused due to the repression of the government, which resulted in many casualties. BDK created Bundu dia Mayala (BDM) in 2008, which is a political party that received approval from the DRC government seven years after its formation on September 30, 2015. However, the political situation of the DRC in 2017 led to the repression of BDK and BDM, and the contextualization of the Bakongo tribal national identity has faced difficulties ever since. It is also important to consider how the organizations and the political party formed by the Bakongo historically contextualize or re-contextualize their national identity in the changing political context of the DRC. In addition to being able to consider how various ethnic groups of the DRC are contextualizing or re-contextualizing their identities, it can be a very important example in terms of democracy and political development of DRC.

Abstract

The case of Bakongo ethnic group can be considered as a good example for studying identity politics. The Bakongo people expresses collective identity based on regional, ethnic, and religious foundations. The Bakongo have continued to contextualize their national identity based on their historical, cultural, and religious identity, which can be called the Bakongo nationalism. Such contextualization has occurred in the past and continues to occur through the organizations of ABAKO, BDK, and BDM with historical, cultural, political, and religious hybridity. The Bakongo ethnic identity was contextualized by the following factors. First, the Bakongo people historically follow the identity of the Kongo Kingdom and has a stronger sense of history than any other ethnic group. Second, the Bakongo people strengthened their identity through language, culture, and symbolism. They also emphasize the importance of African culture. Third, religiously, they have the identity of the Kimbanguist Church which is part of the African Independent Churches (AICs) and traditional African religions. The Kongo messianism belief is closely related to the identity of BDK and BDM, and Ne Muanda Nsemi is regarded as the Messiah of the Bakongo people. BDK's protests and violence in 2007 and 2008 were caused due to the repression of the government, which resulted in many casualties. BDK created Bundu dia Mayala (BDM) in 2008, which is a political party that received approval from the DRC government seven years after its formation on September 30, 2015. However, the political situation of the DRC in 2017 led to the repression of BDK and BDM, and the contextualization of the Bakongo tribal national identity has faced difficulties ever since. It is also important to consider how the organizations and the political party formed by the Bakongo historically contextualize or re-contextualize their national identity in the changing political context of the DRC. In addition to being able to consider how various ethnic groups of the DRC are contextualizing or re-contextualizing their identities, it can be a very important example in terms of democracy and political development of DRC.

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관련 논문AI추천

Political Changes in the DRC and the Contextualization of Bakongo People’s Identity: Based on Ne Muanda Nsemi, BDK and BDM김광수한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2018 · 제54권 제1호프랑스어권 콩고민주공화국 마얄라연합(BDM)의 정치적 정체성 고찰김광수한국프랑스학회 · 한국프랑스학논집2017 · 제98권 프랑스어권 콩고민주공화국 BDK의 정체성 고찰김광수프랑스학회 · 프랑스학연구2016 · 제75호The Historical Contextualization of the Identity of the Kongo Kingdom in pre-independence DR Congo History김광수한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2015 · 제45권 제1호바냐물렝게 민족정체성의 형성과 맥락화: 이주와 정착 그리고 식민 지배 시기를 중심으로김광수, 전온리한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2024 · 제73권 프랑스어권 콩고민주공화국의 콩고연합(Bundu dia Kongo: BDK) 노래에 나타난 바콩고인 정체성김광수프랑스학회 · 프랑스학연구2017 · 제82호

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