기업지배구조를 고려한 ESG 위원회와 신용등급간의 관련성
Corporate Governance, ESG Committee and Credit Rating
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[연구목적] 이사회내 하위 전문위원회로 ESG 위원회가 설치되므로 소유지배구조가 복합적으로 영향력을 행사할 가능성이 높을 것이다(Bolourian et al., 2021). 이에 본 연구는 ESG 위원회에 대한 국내 선행연구가 부족한 현 상황에서 ESG 위원회 도입 효과로 신용등급에미치는 영향력을 확인함에 있어, 기업 소유지배구조로 소유경영자 여부 및 외국인지분율을고려하고자 한다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 2016년에서 2020년까지의 유가증권 및 코스닥 시장에서 금융업을제외한 12월 결산 기업 중 각 모형별로 결측치를 제거하고 최대 758 기업-년에 대해 ESG 위원회와 신용등급 간의 OLS 회귀분석을 실시하였다. [연구결과] 가설을 검증한 결과, 소유경영자 기업에서 ESG 관련 위원회 설치로 회사채 신용등급이 더 높아진 결과를 보여 자본시장에서 부채조달비용이 감소하는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 다음으로, ESG 위원회 설치로 높은 신용평가 등급을 부여받는 것은 외국인지분율이높은 기업에서만 더욱 두드러졌다. 추가분석으로 ESG 위원회의 독립성(ESG_ind) 및 활동성(ESG_freq)을 각각 관심변수로 설정하여 분석을 실시한 결과, ESG 위원회의 독립성 및 활동성이 각각 신용등급에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것은 소유경영자 기업에서만 보이는 것을확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 외국인투자자 지분비중을 고려한 연구에서는 ESG 위원회의 활동성이 신용등급에 유의적으로 긍정적인 영향을 보였다. 한편, ESG 위원회를 두 범주(적극적VS. 소극적 명칭)로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 적극적인 명칭의 위원회를 보유한 기업에서 소유경영자 기업 및 외국인지분율이 높을수록 각각 ESG 위원회가 신용등급을 개선하는 효과가 더 명확하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 경영자의 연령이 낮을수록 ESG 위원회가 신용등급에긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 ESG 위원회 도입이 자본시장의 타인자본비용 조달에 미치는효과를 실증적으로 분석함에 의해 기존 ESG 관련 연구의 확장에 기여한다. 또한, 기업의 소유지배구조로 소유경영자 여부 및 외국인지분율을 고려하여 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해이사회 내에 설치된 ESG 위원회가 의사결정을 실시함에 있어 이사회라는 단일지배구조와더불어 다른 지배구조의 영향력을 함께 내포한 복수의 지배구조가 함께 상호적으로 영향을미침을 확인하여 더 의미 있는 연구라고 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
[Purpose] Since ESG committees are established as sub-specialized committees within the board of directors, it is likely that ownership structure has a compounding effect on ESG committees(Bolourian et al., 2021). Therefore, in this study, we consider the ownership structure of the firm, such as the presence of owner-managers and foreign ownership, to identify the effect of ESG committees on credit ratings. [Methodology] This study conducts OLS regressions between ESG committees and credit ratings for a maximum of 758 firm-years of December year-end firms in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 2016 to 2020, excluding financial firms and after removing missing observations for each model. [Findings] We test our hypothesis and find that the establishment of ESG committees is associated with higher bond ratings in owner-managed firms. Next, we find that the effect of having an ESG committee on higher credit ratings is more pronounced for firms with high foreign ownership. We further analyze ESG committee independence (ESG_ind) and activeness (ESG_freq) as variables of interest, and find that ESG committee independence and activeness have a positive impact on credit ratings only for owner-managed firms. In addition, when considering foreign investor ownership, ESG committee activity has a significantly positive impact on ratings. When ESG committees were analyzed in two categories (active vs. passive), the effect of ESG committees on ratings was more pronounced for owner-managed companies and companies with higher foreign ownership, respectively. Finally, we found that the younger the age of managers, the more positive the impact of ESG committees on ratings. [Implications] This study contributes to the expansion of existing ESG literature by empirically analyzing the effect of introducing ESG committees on the cost of debt capital in the capital market. In addition, we consider the ownership structure of the firm, whether it is owner-managed or not, and foreign ownership. Furthermore, this study is more meaningful as it confirms that ESG committees established within the board of directors have a mutual influence on decision-making, not only through the single governance structure of the board of directors, but also through multiple governance structures that include the influence of other governance structures.
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