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기업의 ESG 위원회가 신용등급에 미치는 영향

ESG committee and Credit Rating

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 기업의 ESG 경영천명이 ESG 위원회 설치로 가시화 되고 있는 현재의 경영 환경 하에서 ESG 위원회 설치 기업은 자금조달비용에서 유리한 위치를 점할 수 있을 것으로 예측하고, ESG 위원회가 신용등급에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한, ESG 위원회의 독립성, 활동성이 높을수록 신용등 급에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지 규명한다. 본 연구에서는 2016년에서 2020년까지 한국거래소에 상장된 12월 결산 기업(금융업 제외) 중 신용평가기관 3사의 신용등급이 모두 존재하는 기업 표본을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 ESG 위원회가 설치된 기업이 회사채 신용등급이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, ESG 위원회의 사외이사 비율로 측정한 ESG 위원회의 독립성은 신용등급에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 못한 반면, ESG 위원회의 활동성이 높을수록 신용등급이 개선되는 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과로 ESG 위원회의 지속적인 활동여부가 더 중요함을 인식할 수 있다. 추가분석에서 종속변수로 기업어음(CP) 신용등급으 로 대체하여 분석을 실시한 경우에도 동일한 결과를 확인하였다. 또한, ESG 위원회를 두 범주로 구분하여 신용 등급과의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 규제 준수(compliance) 유형의 위원회를 제외한 ESG 위원회(type A)에서만 신용 등급을 개선하는 효과가 나타났다. 기업들이 ESG 중점경영을 천명하고자 ESG 정책을 집행하고 감독하는 기구인 이사회 산하의 ESG 위윈회를 도입하고 있는 상황에서, 이러한 지배구조상의 개편에 대하여 신용평가기관 등 이해관계자들이 긍정적인 시각으 로 바라보고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study aims to predict that firms with ESG committees will have an advantage in financing costs and to test whether ESG committees have an impact on credit ratings. We also investigate whether the more independent and active the ESG committee is, the more positive the impact on ratings. In this study, we conduct an empirical analysis on a sample of companies listed on the Korean Exchange (excluding financial firms) from 2016 to 2020 that have ratings from all three credit rating agencies. The results of our empirical analysis are as follows. First, we find that corporate bond ratings increase for companies with an ESG committee. On the other hand, the independence of the ESG committee, as measured by the percentage of independent directors on the ESG committee, does not have a significant effect on the rating, while the more active the ESG committee, the better the rating. This finding suggests that it is more important for ESG committees to be active on an ongoing basis. The same results were found when the dependent variable was replaced by CP ratings in additional analyses. Furthermore, when we separated ESG committees into two categories and examined their relationship with credit ratings, we found that only ESG committees(type A) improved ratings, excluding compliance committees(type B). This research confirms that stakeholders view the introduction of ESG committees in a positive light, and since ESG activities reduce financial risk and have a positive effect on the cost of capital and credit ratings, similar effects can be expected for companies with ESG committees as the body responsible for implementing ESG activities. We believe that this study is significant in that it confirms the existence of such an effect, thereby justifying the purpose of establishing ESG committees in response to the criticism that ESG committees can be used as a means of greenwashing, as a demonstration to investors and for marketing purposes.

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