노신(魯迅, 1881-1936) 이미지와 인식의 변천

Abstract

This study analyses the portraits of the Chinese writer Lu Xun and explores the process and pattern of change of the image of the intellectual representing his era. The portraits of Lu Xun have been produced into a variety of formats including engraving, oil painting, ink painting, and sculpture. Among these, the current study focused on analyzing the engraving and oil painting, which are clear-cut. In 1936, following the death of Lu Xun, as he was active in the areas of literature, art, and thoughts, his thoughts and work have been quoted steadily by influential intellectuals such as Chen Duxiu and Cai Yuanpei, and political leaders such as Mao Zedong and Guo Moruo, and as a result, various identities of Lu Xun have been formed. Among them, Mao Zedong mentioned Lu Xun multiple times, and has had a profound impact on the perception of Lu Xun. As the political propaganda through art became full-fledged in China, the life and literary works of Lu Xun were interpreted from the perspective of communism, and the identity of Lu Xun, who had formerly been recognized as a spiritual pillar of the cultural world, undergoes a shift to that of a Marxist and a revolutionary. Such change in the perception of Lu Xun also affected the art world, and provided an opportunity for the production of various portraits of Lu Xun. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the writings and images of Lu Xun have gradually been used for political propaganda by the Communist Party of China, and such political utilization reached its peak with the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. It is an extraordinary phenomenon that Lu Xun’s portraits were actively produced during the Cultural Revolution, when idolization of Ma Zedong was common. This complex and diverse image of Lu Xun has been realized according to the perceptions and evaluations of Lu Xun, which has been formed in the various fields of culture and politics.