영국외교정책의 재평가, 1815-1865 - 고립정책과 간섭정책 -
Reevaluation of the British Foreign Policy, 1815-1865 - Isolation Policy and Interference policy -
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19세기에 정립된 영국외교정책은 캐닝(G. Canning) 외무장관이 1822년 베로나 회의(Congress of Verona)를 기점으로 빈체제에서 이탈하며 취한 고립정책(Isolation Policy)을 의미한다. 본 글은 이 고립정책이 어떤 과정을 겪으며 정립되고 전개되었는지를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 확인된 부분은 이러하다. 캐슬레이 외무장관이 고립정책의 기초석에 해당되는 불간섭 원칙을 세웠고 고립정책을 정립한 당사자인 캐닝 외무장관은 이 정책의 이론적 성격과 나아가야 할 방향을 세웠다. 그리고 파머스턴은 오랜 공직생활 (외무장관직과 총리직 합하여 40여 년)을 보내며 캐닝이 이론적으로 세운 고립정책을 현실 속에 뿌리를 내리도록 하였다. 특히 본 글에서 주목되는 부분은 고립정책과 간섭정책이 함께 운영될 때, 영국의 외교는 국제사회에서 영향력이 제대로 발휘되었다는 점이다.
Abstract
The British foreign policy of the nineteenth century was established by Foreign Secretary Canning, who introduced the isolation policy after the Verona Conference. This article reexamines how this isolation policy was further developed and reevaluates how it operated in real politics: Castlereagh had set the principle of non-intervention as the foundation of the isolation policy; Canning enriched it with theoretical precision; and Palmerston, who spent 40 years in the British Cabinet (as Foreign Secretary and Prime minister) opened the way for the practical use of the isolation policy. This article draws attention to the fact that the British diplomacy worked better when the isolation policy was operated together with the interference policy.
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