영제국 외무부의 내적 성장, 1822-1841 ―외무차관의 행정역할 관점에서―
The Inner Growth of the British Foreign Office, 1822-1841 ―In the Role of Administrative of Under-secretary of State for Foreign Affairs―
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1822년 캐닝이 외무장관으로 오른 때는 영국외교상 새로운 전환점이었다. 이때부터 영국은 여타유럽강국들과의 정치적 성향이 다르므로 독자적 외교를 추구하겠다는 선포를 하게 된다. 이후 파머스턴이 1841년에 외무장관직을 내놓던 때까지는 영국외교의 홀로서기가 본격화된 시기며 상식선에서도 외교 분야의 격동기임을 알 수 있다. 동시에 이런 격동기엔 영국외무부도 성장방향으로 진행될 것이라고 추측할 수 있다. 하지만 과연 추측만큼 이시기에 외무부가 실질적 성장이 있었는지 의문스럽다. 본 글은 필자는 외교의 성패여부는 외적 요인보다 내적 능력에 있다는 판단 하에 외무부의 성장정도를 추적해보았다. 특히 내적 능력을 외무차관의 행정역할의 모습에 집중하여 찾으려했다. 결과는 복잡해져만 가는 1820-30년대 외교로 인해 쌓여가는 외무부내 행정상황을 원활히 풀어보려던 차관의 역할이 어떠한지, 그리고 이들의 활동이 외무부내에서 어떻게 정립되었는지를 확인하게 되었다. 궁극에는 영국의 대외정책의 성공에 관한 연구들이 이들의 내적 역할들을 이해할 때에 한층 완성도가 높아질 것임을 본 글에서 새롭게 인식하였다.
Abstract
There was a time of turning point in the British diplomacy, when George Canning was appointed to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs on 1822. From that time, the British government declared ‘Isolation Policy’ in her diplomacy because the British political tendency was different from the other European powers; Britain was a constitutional monarchy, but other nations were an absolute monarchy. Since then, the British diplomacy hit her stride in Isolation Policy until the parts of Palmerston’s tenure as the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1830-34, 1835-41). We can guess that the British Foreign Office will be developed to directions toward growth during those tumultuous years. However, do we also doubt whether the British Foreign Office indeed grew or not. I analyzed about inner activities of Foreign Office with a thought which a success and failure of diplomacy is depended upon the internal administrative roles of the Office rather than external factors. Especially I concentrated to the administrative roles of the Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs. In conclusion, I confirmed about the Under-Secretaries of State who they are, what they do, and how they have an effect to the Foreign office. Moreover, with the analyzing them, I recognized the quality of study about British foreign policy will be higher than before this study does.
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