18세기 영국외무부서의 정치적ㆍ행정적 입지변화

Abstract

Britain became one of the centre countries of European diplomacy through the process of Napoleon War in the early nineteenth century. And diplomatic position of Britain in this period was shown with studies for related British diplomatic polices. However, I am sure that British diplomatic position will be more understandable, when Foreign Service would be analyzed it’s position around establishing the Foreign Office of 1782. Even though Britain took a system of constitutional monarch on 1689, British kings seem to keep their absolute power during the early and middle of eighteenth century. It means that British parliament could not exercise their power until late eighteenth century. Until the period of Absolutism, diplomatic service was closely related with king’s sovereignty. When the Parliament was increasing in the political power after the middle of eighteenth century, however, the position of Foreign Service should have moved from king’s sovereignty. Therefore, there is a necessary that transition of positions of British Foreign Service during the eighteenth century should be done for developing study of British diplomatic history. By the analysis of this paper, it was proved that transition of positions of British Foreign Service had proceeded before establishing Foreign Office of 1782. One, transition of political position of British Foreign Service was caused by acceptance of political circles about necessity of professionals and organization for controlling diplomatic events. King George III did a role for the transition, too. He needs a professional officer who speaks French fluently because he wants to have a good relationship with France. Truly, France, has an ability against Britain, is one of main countries for pursuing European diplomatic policy such as ‘balance of power’. Another, transition of administrative position of British Foreign Service did not settle down yet. However, some administrative parts (cost, recruitment, duty), were continually developing, and supported transition of political position and promoted setting up of British Foreign Office. In this paper, finally, there is proved how British Foreign Office set up on 1782, even though the paper did not answer about a function of the Foreign Office after 1782. Furthermore, it is true that the paper became guidance for understanding British diplomatic history with confirming backgroundy witapey British Foreign Service.