런던대학교와 식민지 대학의 ‘특별한 관계’, 1947-1968
The Special Relations between the University of London and Colonial University Colleges, 1947-1968
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2차 세계대전 중 계획된 영제국의 식민지 대학 설립 계획 따라 1948년까지 아프리카와 서인도제도에 새로운 대학이 개교하였다. ‘특별한 관계’ 제도를 통해, 런던대학교는 이들의 교육과정 설계, 학위 수여를 담당하며 학문적 발전을 지도하는 ‘어머니 대학’ 역할을 하였다. 1968년까지 여덟 개의 아프리카 대학과 서인도제도 대학이 이 ‘특별한 관계’에 참여한 후 런던대학교로부터 독립하여 독자적 대학교로 전환하였다. 이 논문은 그동안 ‘위로부터의’ 역사연구 관점으로 이해되어온 런던대학교의 제국주의적 활동에 대하여 탈식민 관점을 반영하여 설명하려는 시도로서, 아프리카인과 카리브해인이 영제국의 대학교육 식민화 과정에서 수동적 방관자가 아니었음을 밝히고자 한다. ‘특별한 관계’를 통해 런던대학교는 영제국 안팎으로 기관의 명성과 교육적 영향력을 높이고자 하였고, 식민지 대학은 런던대학교의 학위를 부여함으로써 학생의 커리어와 다가올 독립국가 발전에 이득을 취하고자 하였다. 즉, 런던대학교와 식민지 대학은 각자의 목적 달성을 위해 상호 호혜적으로 ‘특별한 관계’에 참가하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구는 탈식민화시기에 영국의 교육적 영향력이 해외영토에서 확대되었고, 이것이 영국과 영연방 국가와의 지속적인 교류에서 차지하는 의미를 고찰한다.
Abstract
Under the British empire’s wartime plan for opening new colonial universities, five colonial university colleges were established in Africa and the West Indies by 1948. Through the Special Relation scheme, the University of London designed their academic curricula and awarded its own degrees to colonial students, acting as a ‘mother university’. By 1968, the eight African and the West Indian University Colleges participated in the Special Relation, and later transferred to the independent Universities. This study attempts to examine the University of London’s imperial activities reflecting a decolonizational perspective rather than sticking to top-down approach. It suggests African and the Caribbean people were not passive in the process of the empire’s university colonization. By taking a part of the Special Relations scheme, the University of London intended to make its institutional reputation and influence better and higher, and the colonial institutions also took advantages of receiving the University of London degrees for their students’ careers and developments for upcoming independency. Thus, the University of London and the colonial societies mutual agreed with this academic partnership for their own purposes. In doing so, this research sheds light on Britain’s on-going educational influence in its overseas territories during the decolonization, and its meaning in shaping and keeping networks between Britain and the Commonwealth countries.
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