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동남아시아 대도시 종합계획의 비판적 고찰 : 서구의 이론과 지역적 현실의 불화?

A Critical Review on the Urban Comprehensive Planning in Southeast Asia : Mismatches between Western Theories and Local Realities?

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참고문헌

주제분류지역학

초록

도시계획은 사회경제적, 환경적 그리고 문화적 여건과 현실 등 지역맥락에 기초하여 공간개발의 수요와 공급을 합리적으로 제어하고 관리하는 일차적 공적개입 수단으로 이해된다. 1980년대 이후 확산, 정착되고 있는 경제세계화 및 정보화, 환경주의 그리고 분권의 지구적 물결은 도시계획의 패러다임을 예측가능성과 목표-지향적 경직성을 특징으로 하는 종합적 합리주의로부터 탈피하여 보다 환경변화에 유연하게 대처하면서 지역여건을 바탕으로 지속가능성을 추구하는 방향으로 유도하고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 논문의 목적은 동남아시아의 도시, 특히 대도시에서 그 동안 적용되어온 서구의 도시종합계획 접근이 노정하는 주요 문제와 한계를 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 이 글은 먼저 동남아 대도시의 여건과 현실을, 급속한 도시인구증가와 지리적 공간 확장에 의해 야기되어온 도시화특성, 비공식부문, 빈곤 그리고 기반시설의 문제로써 분석하고, 동남아의 도시계획 과정에서 서구의 종합계획을 무비판적으로 수용한 결과 노정된 주요 문제들을 고찰한다. 결론에서는 동남아 대도시의 지속가능한 계획을 위해서, 지역의 물리적, 법적, 사회경제적 여건을 반영하고 성장관리 측면을 고려하는 대도시권 종합계획의 필요성을 강조한다. 또한 권역별 계획의 수립, 상위-하위계획과의 실행연계 그리고 계획과정에서의 시민참여 등 향후 도시종합계획에서 요구되는 몇 가지 개선점을 제시한다.【핵심어】 동남아시아, 도시종합계획, 토지이용계획, 용도지역제, 목표지향적 경직성, 가도시화, 대도시권, 비공식부문, 빈곤, 양극화

Abstract

planning is seen as one of the primary means by which urban places and spaces are reasonably controlled and managed based upon the local contexts such as demographic, socio-economic, environmental and cultural conditions. The objective of the paper is to examine how well master planning approach imported from Western countries have been adopted to the realities of Southeast Asian mega-cities. For this, the paper firstly reviews local contexts/conditions of the mega-cities of the region, namely urbanization characteristics, informal sector, poverty and infrastructures largely fuelled by not only the rapid increase in population but the expansion of geographical boundaries, and then moves to the critical explanations on the discrepancies between Western style comprehensive planning and realities of the mega-cities. The paper also provides some directions of future urban planning while emphasizing the necessity of incorporating local physical, legal as well as socio-economic conditions of the planned cities and their vicinities in order to enhance level of urban sustainability as well as better quality of life for all.【Key Words】 Southeast Asia, Urban Comprehensive Planning, Land Use, Zoning System, Goal-oriented Rigidity, Pseudo-urbanization, Extended Metropolitan Region, Informal Sector, Poverty, Polarization

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